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Phlogiston theory
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=== Others === [[File:Phlogiston symbol.svg|thumb|[[Torbern Bergman]]'s alchemical symbol for phlogiston<ref>"Chemistry", ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', 1911</ref>]] [[Johann Juncker]] also created a very complete picture of phlogiston. When reading Stahl's work, he assumed that phlogiston was in fact very material. He, therefore, came to the conclusion that phlogiston has the property of levity, or that it makes the compound that it is in much lighter than it would be without the phlogiston. He also showed that air was needed for combustion by putting substances in a sealed flask and trying to burn them.<ref name="White"/> [[Guillaume-François Rouelle]] brought the theory of phlogiston to France, where he was a very influential scientist and teacher, popularizing the theory very quickly. Many of his students became very influential scientists in their own right, Lavoisier included.<ref name="Leicester" /> The French viewed phlogiston as a very subtle principle that vanishes in all analysis, yet it is in all bodies. Essentially they followed straight from Stahl's theory.<ref name="White"/> [[Giovanni Antonio Giobert]] introduced Lavoisier's work in Italy. Giobert won a prize competition from the Academy of Letters and Sciences of [[Mantua]] in 1792 for his work refuting phlogiston theory. He presented a paper at the {{Lang|fr|Académie royale des Sciences}} of Turin on 18 March 1792, entitled {{Lang|fr|Examen chimique de la doctrine du phlogistique et de la doctrine des pneumatistes par rapport à la nature de l'eau}} ("Chemical examination of the doctrine of phlogiston and the doctrine of pneumatists in relation to the nature of water"), which is considered the most original defence of Lavoisier's theory of water composition to appear in Italy.<ref name="Abbri">{{cite journal|last1=Abbri|first1=Ferdinando|title=GIOBERT, Giovanni Antonio|journal=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani |trans-journal=Biographical Dictionary of the Italians|year=2001|volume=55|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giovanni-antonio-giobert_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|access-date=15 September 2017}}</ref>
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