Editing Photograph manipulation (section)

=== On social media ===
Social media apps such as [[Snapchat]], [[Instagram]], and [[TikTok]] enable users to manipulate photos using the back or front camera, applying pre-made filters to enhance the quality of the picture, distort themselves, or add creative elements such as text, coloring or stickers. Filters provided on social media platforms are made by social media companies or are [[user-generated content]]. Photo editing techniques include the addition of polls, GIFs, music, countdowns, donations, and links.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mueller |first1=Marie Elisabeth |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003275251/social-media-storytelling-marie-elisabeth-mueller-devadas-rajaram |title=Social Media Storytelling |last2=Rajaram |first2=Devadas |date=2022 |doi=10.4324/9781003275251|isbn=9781003275251 |s2cid=249563030 }}</ref> Influencers use filters to grow engagement and boost follower activity, in order to be seen as unique,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bakhshi |first1=Saeideh |last2=Shamma |first2=David |last3=Kennedy |first3=Lyndon |last4=Gilbert |first4=Eric |date=2015 |title=Why We Filter Our Photos and How It Impacts Engagement |url=https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/14622 |journal=Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1609/icwsm.v9i1.14622 |issn=2334-0770|doi-access=free }}</ref> creative, or fascinating. Meta reported that over 600 million people have used an AR effect on Facebook or Instagram.<ref name="newportinstitute.com">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-05 |title=Do You Use a Filter Every Time You Post? |url=https://www.newportinstitute.com/resources/co-occurring-disorders/filters-mental-health/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Newport Institute |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Mobile phone application]]s such as [[Facetune]] allow users to modify their own personal images.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media |first=Caroline Knorr, Common Sense |title=How girls use social media to build up, break down self-image |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/12/health/girls-social-media-self-image-partner/index.html |access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> Social media users, especially younger people, are thus exposed to an extreme amount of manipulated imagery presenting unrealistic, unachievable body ideals.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Solon |first=Olivia |date=2018-03-09 |title=FaceTune is conquering Instagram – but does it take airbrushing too far? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/mar/09/facetune-photoshopping-app-instagram-body-image-debate |access-date=2020-04-04 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> For example, social media platforms such as TikTok have include filters that create an illusion of physical attributes, such as the "skinny filter" and the "perfect skin filter".<ref name="newportinstitute.com"/> Part of the idea of perfection on social media comes from Japanese culture and the word "[[kawaii]]", which translates to an overall aspect of cuteness; exerting fragile, girly, and childlike emotions. Kawaii-enhanced photos present a perception of perfection in a photo booth setting. This notion catalyzed the first selfie phone camera by [[Kyocera]] in 1999, which led to the posting of selfies during the beginnings of [[Myspace|MySpace]] in the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Wong |first=Kristin |title=The Power of Kawaii: How Cute, Squishy Things Influence Us |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-power-of-kawaii/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Beauty filters are changing the way young girls see themselves |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/04/02/1021635/beauty-filters-young-girls-augmented-reality-social-media/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref>