Editing Plant-based diet (section)

=== Weight ===
Observational studies show that vegetarian diets are lower in energy intake than non-vegetarian diets<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=E. T. |last2=Bowman |first2=S. A. |last3=Spence |first3=J. T. |last4=Freedman |first4=M. |last5=King |first5=J. |date=April 2001 |title=Popular diets: correlation to health, nutrition, and obesity |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11320946/ |journal=Journal of the American Dietetic Association |volume=101 |issue=4 |pages=411–420 |doi=10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00108-0 |issn=0002-8223 |pmid=11320946}}</ref> and that, on average, vegetarians have a lower [[body mass index]] than non-vegetarians.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Koutras |first1=Yiannis |last2=Chrysostomou |first2=Stavri |last3=Poulimeneas |first3=Dimitrios |last4=Yannakoulia |first4=Mary |date=June 2022 |title=Examining the associations between a posteriori dietary patterns and obesity indexes: Systematic review of observational studies |journal=Nutrition and Health |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=149–162 |doi=10.1177/02601060211020975 |issn=0260-1060 |pmid=34100659|s2cid=235370106 }}</ref>

Two reviews of preliminary research found that vegetarian diets practiced over 18 weeks or longer reduced body weight in the range of {{convert|2|-|3|kg}},<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Huang RY, Huang CC, Hu FB, Chavarro JE | title = Vegetarian Diets and Weight Reduction: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials | journal = Journal of General Internal Medicine | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 109–116 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 26138004 | pmc = 4699995 | doi = 10.1007/s11606-015-3390-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barnard ND, Levin SM, Yokoyama Y | title = A systematic review and meta-analysis of changes in body weight in clinical trials of vegetarian diets | journal = Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics | volume = 115 | issue = 6 | pages = 954–969 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 25620754 | doi = 10.1016/j.jand.2014.11.016 }}</ref> with vegan diets used for 12 weeks or longer reducing body weight by 4&nbsp;kg.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Termannsen |first1=Anne-Ditte |last2=Clemmensen |first2=Kim Katrine Bjerring |last3=Thomsen |first3=Jonas Mark |last4=Nørgaard |first4=Ole |last5=Díaz |first5=Lars Jorge |last6=Torekov |first6=Signe Sørensen |last7=Quist |first7=Jonas Salling |last8=Faerch |first8=Kristine |date=7 June 2022 |title=Effects of vegan diets on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Obesity Reviews|volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=e13462 |doi=10.1111/obr.13462 |issn=1467-789X |pmid=35672940|pmc=9540559 |s2cid=249465763 }}</ref>

In obese people, a 2022 review found that plant-based diets improved weight control, [[Low-density lipoprotein|LDL]] and [[Cholesterol|total cholesterol]], blood pressure, [[insulin resistance]], and fasting glucose.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Remde |first1=Alan |last2=DeTurk |first2=Stephen N. |last3=Almardini |first3=A. |last4=Steiner |first4=Lauren |last5=Wojda |first5=Thomas |date=8 April 2022 |title=Plant-predominant eating patterns – how effective are they for treating obesity and related cardiometabolic health outcomes? – a systematic review |url= |journal=Nutrition Reviews |volume=80 |issue=5 |pages=1094–1104 |doi=10.1093/nutrit/nuab060 |issn=1753-4887 |pmid=34498070}}</ref>