Editing Pleonasm (section)

===Bilingual tautological expressions===
A bilingual tautological expression is a phrase that combines words that mean the same thing in two different languages.<ref name="language">[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] (2003), [[Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew]]. [[Palgrave Macmillan]]. {{ISBN|9781403917232}} [http://www.palgrave.com/br/book/9781403917232]</ref>{{rp|138}} An example of a bilingual tautological expression is the [[Yiddish]] expression {{Script/Hebrew|מים אחרונים וואַסער}} ''mayim akhroynem vaser''. It literally means "water last water" and refers to "water for washing the hands after meal, grace water".<ref name="language"/>{{rp|138}} Its first element, ''mayim'', derives from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] {{Script/Hebrew|מים}} ['majim] "water". Its second element, ''vaser'', derives from the [[Middle High German]] word {{Lang|gmh|vaser}} "water".

According to [[Ghil'ad Zuckermann]], Yiddish abounds with both bilingual tautological compounds and bilingual tautological first names.<ref name="language"/>{{rp|138}}

The following are examples of bilingual tautological compounds in Yiddish:
* {{Script/Hebrew|פֿינצטער חושך}} ''fíntster khóyshekh'' "very dark", literally "dark darkness", traceable back to the Middle High German word ''{{Lang|gmh|vinster}}'' "dark" and the Hebrew word חושך ''ħōshekh'' "darkness".<ref name="language"/>{{rp|138}}
* {{Script/Hebrew|חמור-אייזל}} ''khamer-éyzļ'' "womanizer", literally "donkey-donkey", traceable back to the Hebrew word חמור [ħă'mōr] "donkey" and the Middle High German word ''{{Lang|gmh|esel}}'' "donkey".<ref name="language"/>{{rp|138}}

The following are examples of bilingual tautological first names in Yiddish:
* {{Script/Hebrew|דוב-בער}} ''[[Dov-Ber]]'', literally "bear-bear", traceable back to the Hebrew word {{Script/Hebrew|דב}} ''dov'' "bear" and the Middle High German word {{Lang|gmh|bër}} "bear".<ref name="language"/>{{rp|138}}
* {{Script/Hebrew|צבי-הירש}} ''[[Tsvi-Hirsh]]'', literally "deer-deer", traceable back to the Hebrew word {{Script/Hebrew|צבי}} ''tsvi'' "deer" and the Middle High German word {{Lang|gmh|hirz}} "deer".<ref name="language"/>{{rp|138}}
* {{Script/Hebrew|זאב-וואָלף}} ''[[Zev Wolf|Ze'ev-Volf]]'', literally "wolf-wolf", traceable back to the Hebrew word {{Script/Hebrew|זאב}} ''ze'ev'' "wolf" and the Middle High German word {{Lang|gmh|volf}} "wolf".<ref name="language"/>{{rp|138}}
* {{Script/Hebrew|אריה-לייב}} ''[[Aryeh-Leib]]'', literally "lion-lion", traceable back to the Hebrew word {{Script/Hebrew|אריה}} ''arye'' "lion" and the Middle High German word {{Lang|gmh|lewe}} "lion".<ref name="language"/>{{rp|138}}

Examples occurring in English-language contexts include:
* ''[[River Avon, Bristol|River Avon]]'', literally "River River", from Welsh.
* ''[[Sahara|the Sahara Desert]]'', literally "the The Desert Desert", from Arabic.
* ''[[La Brea Tar Pits|the La Brea Tar Pits]]'', literally "the The Tar Tar Pits", from Spanish.
* ''the [[Los Angeles Angels]]'', literally "the The Angels Angels", from Spanish.
* ''[[hoi polloi|the hoi polloi]]'', literally "[[Hoi polloi#Usage|the the]] many", from Greek.
* ''[[Carmarthen Castle]]'', may actually have "castle" in it three times: In its Welsh form, ''Castell Caerfyrddin'', "Caer" means fort, while "fyrddin" is thought to be derived from the Latin [[Moridunum (Carmarthen)|Moridunum]] ("sea fort") making Carmarthen Castle "fort sea-fort castle".
* ''[[Mount Maunganui]]'', ''[[Lake Rotoroa (disambiguation)|Lake Rotoroa]]'', and ''[[Motutapu Island]]'' in New Zealand are "Mount Mount Big", "Lake Lake Long", and "Island Sacred Island" respectively, from Māori.
{{see also|List of tautological place names}}