Editing Plot twist (section)

===Unreliable narrator===
An [[unreliable narrator]] twists the ending by revealing, almost always at the end of the narrative, that the narrator has manipulated or fabricated the preceding story, thus forcing the reader to question his or her prior assumptions about the text.<ref>{{cite book|author=Chris Baldick|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mp0s9GgrafUC&pg=PA347|access-date=23 July 2013|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-920827-2|page=347}}</ref> This [[Motif (literature)|motif]] is often used within [[noir fiction]] and [[Film noir|films]], notably in the film ''[[The Usual Suspects]]''. An unreliable narrator motif was employed by Agatha Christie in ''[[The Murder of Roger Ackroyd]]'', a novel that generated much controversy due to critics' contention that it was unfair to trick the reader in such a manipulative manner.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://my.en.com/~mcq/unreliable.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011224193140/http://my.en.com/~mcq/unreliable.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2001-12-24 |title=The ubiquitous unreliable narrator |publisher=My.en.com |date=1996-03-26 |access-date=2012-12-10 }}</ref> Another example of unreliable narration is a character who has been revealed to be insane and thus causes the audience to question the previous narrative; notable examples of this are in the [[Terry Gilliam]] film ''[[Brazil (1985 film)|Brazil]]'', [[Chuck Palahniuk]]'s ''[[Fight Club (novel)|Fight Club]]'' (and [[David Fincher]]'s [[Fight Club|film adaptation]]), [[Gene Wolfe]]'s novel ''[[Book of the New Sun]]'', the second episode of ''[[Alfred Hitchcock Presents]]'', ''[[List of Alfred Hitchcock Presents episodes#Season 1 (1955–56)|Premonition]]'', the 1920 German silent horror film ''[[The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari]]'', [[Iain Pears]]'s ''[[An Instance of the Fingerpost]]'', ''[[Shutter Island (film)|Shutter Island]]'' and [[Kim Newman]]'s ''[[Life's Lottery]]''. The term "unreliable narrator" is sometimes applied to films (such as the aforementioned ''Brazil'' and ''Shutter Island'') which do not feature any [[voice-over|voice-over narration]] in a conventional sense, but whose protagonists are still considered "narrators" in the sense that the film is presented from their perspective and the audience mainly encounters the narrative and [[diegesis]] through that character's point of view.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maier |first1=Emar |date=2022 |title=Unreliability and Point of View in Filmic Narration |url=https://www.pdcnet.org/eps/content/eps_2022_0059_0002_0023_0037 |journal=Epistemology & Philosophy of Science |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=23–37 |doi=10.5840/eps202259217 |s2cid=237579037 |access-date=September 19, 2023}}</ref>