Editing Polivanov system (section)

==Common mistakes and deviations==
In English texts, Japanese names are written with the [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]] system. Attempts may be made to transcribe these as if they were English, rather than following a dedicated Japanese Cyrillization scheme.

A common example of this is attempting to transcribe ''shi'' (Polivanov: си) as ши and ''ji'' (Polivanov: дзи) as джи. This is inadvisable for use in [[Russian language|Russian]], because ши is actually pronounced like шы in Russian, and джи like джы, thus making the vowel ({{IPA|/ɨ/}}) closer to Japanese {{IPA|/u/}} than to Japanese {{IPA|/i/}}. Whereas, щи would have a correct vowel sound, but be pronounced more like Japanese {{not a typo|''sshi''}}.

Equally often, people transcribe ''cha'', ''chi'', ''chu'', ''cho'' as ча, чи, чу, чо. This is phonetically correct, but does not conform with the Polivanov scheme (тя, ти, тю, тё), which more closely resembles the [[Kunrei-shiki]] romanisations (''tya'', ''ti'', ''tyu'', ''tyo'') for these particular characters.

Sometimes е, rather than э, is used for ''e'', despite е being pronounced ''ye'' in Russian (though not in other languages). This is typically not done in the initial position, despite older romanisations such as "Yedo" doing so. In any case, it does not conform with the Polivanov scheme, although it is seen as more acceptable for words that are in general use (e.g. ''kamikaze'' &gt; камикадзе instead of камикадзэ). Replacing ё (''yo'') with е (''ye'') is incorrect, however, as it will change the Japanese word too much.

The sound ''yo'' (Polivanov: ё), when in the initial position or after a vowel, is often written as йо (yo), which has the same pronunciation: Ёкосука -> Йокосука (Yokosuka), Тоёта -> Тойота (Toyota). Although, the spelling "йо" is not common in Russian words, these are more generally accepted for Japanese names than the transliterations using "ё". "Ё" is not often used in Japanese Cyrillization due to its facultative use in the Russian language (and possible substitution with the letter "Е" which would affect the pronunciation), but for professional translators, the use of ё is mandatory.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} Some personal names beginning with "Yo" (or used after a vowel) are written using "Ё" (e.g. [[:ru:Йоко Оно|Йоко]] for [[Yoko Ono]], but [[:ru:Ёко Канно|Ёко]] for [[Yoko Kanno]] and all other Yokos).