Editing Pollination (section)

==== By water ====
Pollination by water, [[hydrophily]], uses water to transport pollen, sometimes as whole anthers; these can travel across the surface of the water to carry dry pollen from one flower to another.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Cox |first=Paul Alan |name-list-style=vanc |date=1988 |title=Hydrophilous Pollination |journal=Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics |volume=19 |pages=261–279 |doi=10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.001401 |jstor=2097155}}</ref> In ''[[Vallisneria spiralis]]'', an unopened male flower floats to the surface of the water, and, upon reaching the surface, opens up and the fertile anthers project forward. The female flower, also floating, has its stigma protected from the water, while its [[sepal]]s are slightly depressed into the water, allowing the male flowers to tumble in.<ref name=":10" />