Editing Power-line communication (section)

=== Home control (narrowband) ===

Power-line communications technology can use the electrical power wiring within a home for [[home automation]]: for example, remote control of lighting and appliances without installation of additional control wiring.

Typically home-control power-line communication devices operate by modulating in a [[carrier wave]] of between 20 and 200 [[kHz]] into the household wiring at the transmitter. The carrier is modulated by digital signals. Each receiver in the system has an address and can be individually commanded by the signals transmitted over the household wiring and decoded at the receiver. These devices may be either plugged into regular power outlets or permanently wired in place. Since the carrier signal may propagate to nearby homes (or apartments) on the same distribution system, these control schemes have a ''house address'' that designates the owner. A popular technology known as [[X10 (industry standard)|X10]] has been used since the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web |title= The history of X10  |author= Edward B.Driscoll Jr. |url= http://home.planet.nl/~lhendrix/x10_history.htm |access-date= 22 July 2011 }}</ref>

The [[universal powerline bus]], introduced in 1999, uses [[pulse-position modulation]] (PPM). The physical layer method is a very different scheme than the X10.<ref>{{cite web |title= What is Univeral (sic) Powerline Bus? |publisher= Powerline Control Systems, Inc |url= http://pulseworx.com/UPB_.htm |access-date= 22 July 2011 |archive-date= 18 July 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110718042743/http://www.pulseworx.com/UPB_.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref> [[LonTalk]], part of the [[LonWorks]] home automation product line, was accepted as part of some automation standards.<ref>{{cite news |title= Echelon Announces ISO/IEC Standardization of LonWorks® Control Networks |publisher= Echelon Corporation |work= News release |date= 3 December 2008 |url= http://www.echelon.com/company/press/2008/lonworksISO.htm |access-date= 22 July 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120407150936/http://www.echelon.com/company/news-room/2008/lonworksISO.htm |archive-date= 7 April 2012}}</ref>