Editing Preemptive war (section)

===Six Day War (1967)===
{{see also|Six-Day War}}
[[File:IsraeliNavalCommandosCaptured Alexandria9061967.jpg|thumb|Egyptian Forces captured Israeli invaders near Alexandria (shown above) during the conflict.]]
Israel incorporates preemptive war in its strategic doctrine to maintain a credible deterrent posture, based on its lack of [[strategic depth]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a115647.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827193757/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a115647.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=August 27, 2019 |title=Israel's Strategic Doctrine |work=[[Rand Corporation]] |date=September 1981 |access-date=27 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Memo187_11.pdf|date=February 2019|title=Israel's National Security Doctrine: The Report of the Committee on the Formulation of the National Security Doctrine (Meridor Committee), Ten Years Later.|work=[[Institute for National Security Studies (Israel)]]|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/doctrine/|title=Strategic Doctrine - Israel|date=25 May 2000|publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]]|access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref> The Six-Day War, which began when Israel launched mass attacks against [[Egypt]] on June 5, 1967, has been widely described as a preemptive war<ref>The Six Day War is, "A classic example of preemptive war." Henry Shue, David Rodin [https://books.google.com/books?id=9XhpuXKhcVIC&dq=preemptive+%22six+day+war%22&pg=PA215 Preemption: military action and moral justification]</ref><ref>"Classic examples of preemptive wars include the July Crisis of 1914 and the Six Day War of 1967 in which Israel preemptively attacked Egypt...." Karl P. Mueller [https://books.google.com/books?id=xbbaP2ouMV4C&dq=preemptive+%22six+day+war%22&pg=PA22 Striking first: preemptive and preventive attack in U.S. national security]</ref><ref>"The Six Day War between Israel and alliance of Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq was an example of preemption." And, "It exemplifies preemption." Charles W. Kegley, Gregory A. Raymond [https://books.google.com/books?id=acjT-tK9blgC&dq=preemptive+%22six+day+war%22&pg=PA219 The Global Future: A Brief Introduction to World Politics]</ref><ref>"Preemptive attack is morally justified when three conditions are fulfilled: The existence of an intention to injure, the undertaking of military preparations that increase the level of danger, and the need to act immediately because of a higher degree of risk. Since these conditions were met in Israel's Six Day War, Israel's preemptive attack on Egypt on June 5, 1967 was a legitimate act of self-defense." Mark R. Amstutz ''[https://archive.org/details/internationaleth0000amst_w8u3/page/122 <!-- quote=preemptive "six day war". --> International Ethics: Concepts, Theories, and Cases in Global Politics]''</ref> and is, according to the [[United States State Department]], "perhaps the most cited example [of preemption]."<ref>"The United States has often walked a fine line between preemption and prevention. In fact there have only been a handful of clear-cut cases of military preemption by any states in the last 200 years. (Israeli preemption in the Six Day War of 1967 is perhaps the most cited example)."''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yz03f8UURuAC&dq=preemptive+%22six+day+war%22&pg=PA33 U.S. National Security Strategy: a New Era]'' U.S. Department of State (2002)</ref> Others have alternatively referred to it as a [[preventive war]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/10/magazine/10wwln-safire-t.html?_r=1 Choice or Necessity (''New York Times'', May 8, 2009)]</ref> Some have referred to the war as an act of "interceptive self-defense."<ref>Distein, Yoram, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LbB3lUhzX10C&q=1967 War, Aggression and Self-Defense]'' p. 192, Cambridge University Press (2005)</ref> According to that view, no single Egyptian step may have qualified as an armed attack, but some perceive [[Egypt]]'s collective actions as clear that it was bent on an armed attack on Israel.<ref>Distein, Yoram, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LbB3lUhzX10C&q=1967 War, aggression and self-defense] p. 192, Cambridge University Press (2005)</ref> One academic has claimed that Israel's attack was not permissible under the [[Caroline test|''Caroline'' test]]; he claims that there was no overwhelming threat to Israel's survival.<ref>"The closest case that might have, but is now regarded as not having met the ''Caroline'' test, was Israel's first strike against Egypt in 1967. Few regarded it as a good example of a permissible anticipatory attack under the ''Caroline'' test, especially after it became clear following the attack that there was no overwhelming threat that justified the attack to ensure Israel's survival. Gathii, James Thuo. "Assessing Claims of a New Doctrine of Preemptive War Under the Doctrine of Sources." ''Osgoode Hall Law Journal'', Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 1–34, 2005.</ref>