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Premchand
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=== Back to Banaras === After quitting his job, Premchand left Gorakhpur for Banaras on 18 March 1921 and decided to focus on his literary career. Till his death in 1936, he faced severe financial difficulties and chronic ill health.<ref name="DavidRubin1994"/> In 1923, he established a printing press and publishing house in Banaras, christened "Saraswati Press".<ref name="MichaelArbolina2008"/> The year 1924 saw the publication of Premchand's ''[[Rangbhoomi]]'', which has a blind beggar called Surdas as its tragic hero. Schulz mentions that in ''Rangbhoomi'', Premchand comes across as a "superb social chronicler", and although the novel contains some "structural flaws" and "too many authorial explanations", it shows a "marked progress" in Premchand's writing style.<ref>{{Harvnb | Schulz | 1981 | p = 17}}</ref> According to Schulz, it was in ''Nirmala'' (1925) and ''Pratigya'' (1927) that Premchand found his way to "a balanced, realistic level" that surpasses his earlier works and manages to "hold his readers in tutelage".<ref>{{Harvnb | Schulz | 1981 | p = 18}}</ref> ''Nirmala'', a novel dealing with the [[dowry system in India]], was first serialised in the magazine ''Chand'' between November 1925 and November 1926, before being published as a novel.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gupta|1998|p=35}}</ref> ''Pratigya'' ("The Vow") dealt with the subject of widow remarriage. In 1928, Premchand's novel ''[[Gaban (novel)|Gaban]]'' ("Embezzlement"), focusing on the middle class' greed, was published. In March 1930, Premchand launched a literary-political weekly magazine titled ''Hans'', aimed at inspiring the Indians to mobilise against the British rule.<ref>{{Harvnb | Sigi | 2006 | p = 53 }}</ref> The magazine, noted for its politically provocative views, failed to make a profit. Premchand then took over and edited another magazine called ''Jagaran,'' which, too, ran at a loss.<ref name="Sigi_2006_75">{{Harvnb | Sigi | 2006 | p = 75 }}</ref> In 1931, Premchand moved to Kanpur as a teacher at the Marwari College but had to leave because of differences with the college administration.<ref name="Giriraj2001"/> He then returned to Banaras and became the editor of the ''Maryada'' magazine. In 1932, he published another novel titled ''[[Karmabhoomi]]''. He briefly served as the headmaster of the Kashi Vidyapeeth, a local school. After the school's closure, he became the editor of the ''Madhuri'' magazine in [[Lucknow]].<ref name="Giriraj2001"/>
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