Editing Prenatal testing (section)

=== Ultrasound imaging and serum markers as indications for genetic testing ===
Ultrasound imaging provides the opportunity to conduct a nuchal translucency (NT) scan screening for chromosomal abnormalities such as [[Down syndrome]] (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), and [[Patau syndrome]] (trisomy 13). Using the information from the NT scan the mother can be offered an invasive diagnostic test for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Serum markers are used in a similar fashion to identify gestations that should be recommended for further testing. When the NT scan or serum markers arouse suspicion for chromosomal abnormalities the following genetic tests may be conducted on fetal or placental tissue samples: Interphase-[[fluorescence in situ hybridization]] (FISH), [[quantitative PCR]] and [[Chorionic villus sampling|direct preparation of chromosomes from chorionic villi]].<ref name="Ref2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Miny P, Tercanli S, Holzgreve W |date=April 2002 |title=Developments in laboratory techniques for prenatal diagnosis |journal=Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=161–8 |doi=10.1097/00001703-200204000-00010 |pmid=11914694 |s2cid=40591216}}</ref>