Editing Problem of Hell (section)

===Catholicism===
====Official teaching====
The [[Catholic Church]] does not believe in the problem of hell, but believes - as dogma - that because God is all-good he condemns the impenitent to eternal punishment in hell at death and at the [[Last Judgment]]. This dogma was defined by the [[Council of Trent]]<ref>[http://www.thecounciloftrent.com/ch14.htm Council of Trent, Session 14, Canon 5]</ref> based on Jesus' teaching of the same during his public ministry and when "he descended into hell."<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/content/catechism/en/part_one/section_two/chapter_two/article_5/paragraph_1_christ_descended_into_hell.html Catechism of the Catholic Church 633]</ref>

The church also teaches that hell is a place of punishment<ref>''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]'', 1035, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, {{ISBN|0-89243-565-8}}, 1994 – the revised version issued 1997 has no changes in this section</ref> brought about by a person's self-exclusion from communion with God.<ref>''Catechism of the Catholic Church'', 1033, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, {{ISBN|0-89243-565-8}}, 1994</ref> Hell is the free and continual rejection of God's forgiveness of sins.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p123a12.htm#1037|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church 1037}}</ref> This rejection takes the form of the committing of a mortal sin without repentance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s1c1a8.htm#1861|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church 1861}}</ref> (This does not include [[original sin]], since it is not an evil deed, since no one is predestined to hell, and since [[Feeneyism]] is the heresy that non-Catholics and excommunicated Catholics cannot be saved)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p123a12.htm|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church 1037}}</ref> A sinner, once in hell, will inevitably refuse to turn away from his mortal sin to God's forgiveness. Accordingly, hell must endure as chief punishment for this continuing lack of repentance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p123a12.htm#1057|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church 1057}}</ref>

====Unofficial teaching====
Some theologians speculate about the reason for the creation and eternity of hell. A common argument made is from divine justice: as the righteous receive an eternal reward (God) for a temporary good deed, so the wicked receive an eternal punishment (loss of God) for a temporary evil deed. Another common argument is that the loss of God includes the loss of one's good inclinations and desires, so that all that remains is evil inclinations and desires (whereby the demons and the damned refuse to repent).<ref>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07207a.htm New Advent, Hell]</ref> 

[[Thomas Aquinas]] said that not all punishment is remedial or temporary, such as [[capital punishment]], and that hell fits this exception. He further said that, by being confined to hell, the wicked cannot commit sin among the righteous in heaven.<ref>[https://isidore.co/aquinas/ContraGentiles3b.htm#144 Thomas Aquinas' Contra Gentiles, Chapter 144 THAT BY MORTAL SIN A MAN IS ETERNALLY DEPRIVED OF HIS ULTIMATE END]</ref>

According to [[Catherine of Siena]], Jesus told her of the righteous in heaven: "Their will is so one with mine that even if a father and mother saw their child in hell, or a child its parent, it would not trouble them: They would even be content to see them punished, since they are my enemies."<ref>[https://isidore.co/misc/Res%20pro%20Deo/ITOPL_OCR-layer-only/15.%20Supplementum%20-%20Dogma%20&%20Moral/Moral/St.%20Catherine%20of%20Siena_OCR.pdf The Dialogue of Saint Catherine of Siena, 83]</ref>