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Projection-valued measure
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==Generalizations== The idea of a projection-valued measure is generalized by the [[positive operator-valued measure]] (POVM), where the need for the orthogonality implied by projection operators is replaced by the idea of a set of operators that are a non-orthogonal "partition of unity", i.e. a set of [[positive operator|positive semi-definite]] [[Hermitian operators]] that sum to the identity. This generalization is motivated by applications to [[quantum information theory]].
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