Editing Psychological warfare (section)

===Vietnam War===
[[File:Vietnampropaganda.png|thumb|left|upright|"Viet Cong, beware!" – [[South Vietnam]] leaflets urging the defection of [[Viet Cong]].]]

The United States ran an extensive program of psychological warfare during the [[Vietnam War]]. The [[Phoenix Program]] had the dual aim of assassinating National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF or [[Viet Cong]]) personnel and terrorizing any potential sympathizers or passive supporters. During the Phoenix Program, over 19,000 NLF supporters were killed.<ref>{{cite web|author=Janq Designs |url=http://www.specialoperations.com/History/Vietnam/phoenix.html |title=Special operation – Phoenix |website=Specialoperations.com |access-date=18 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512063242/http://www.specialoperations.com/History/Vietnam/phoenix.html |archive-date=12 May 2011 }} The [[Chieu Hoi]] program of the [[South Vietnamese]] government promoted NLF defections.

When members of the [[Viet Cong]] were assassinated, [[CIA]] and [[Special Forces]] operatives placed [[playing cards]] in the mouth of the deceased as a calling card, with the aim of striking fear into the enemy.</ref> In [[Operation Wandering Soul]], the United States also used tapes of distorted human sounds and played them during the night making the Vietnamese soldiers think that the dead were back for revenge.

The Vietcong and their forces also used a program of psychological warfare during this war. Trịnh Thị Ngọ, also known as Thu Hương and [[Hanoi Hannah]], was a Vietnamese radio personality. She made English-language broadcasts for North Vietnam directed at United States troops. During the Vietnam War, Ngọ became famous among US soldiers for her propaganda broadcasts on Radio Hanoi. Her scripts were written by the North Vietnamese Army and were intended to frighten and shame the soldiers into leaving their posts. She made three broadcasts a day, reading a list of newly killed or imprisoned Americans, and playing popular US anti-war songs in an effort to incite feelings of nostalgia and homesickness, attempting to persuade US GIs that the US involvement in the Vietnam War was unjust and immoral.<ref name="hanoi hannah">{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/hanoi-hannah-vietnam-propaganda-dies-87-505704|title=Vietnam-era propagandist 'Hanoi Hannah' dies at 87|author=Jeff Stein|website=newsweek.com|publisher=[[Newsweek]]|date=3 October 2016|access-date=4 October 2016|archive-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809154445/https://www.newsweek.com/hanoi-hannah-vietnam-propaganda-dies-87-505704|url-status=live}}</ref> A typical broadcast began as follows:

<blockquote>How are you, GI Joe? It seems to me that most of you are poorly informed about the going of the war, to say nothing about a correct explanation of your presence over here. Nothing is more confused than to be ordered into a war to die or to be maimed for life without the faintest idea of what's going on.<ref>Hanoi Hannah, 16 June 1967</ref></blockquote>