Editing Quantum turbulence (section)

=== Vortex lattice ===
[[File:Vortex_lattice_schematic.png|thumb|377x377px|Fig 6. Schematic of a cylindrical container rotating at a speed of <math>\Omega</math>, forming a vortex lattice of six straight vortex lines.]]
Vortex lattices are laminar (ordered) configurations of vortex lines that can be created by rotating the system. For a cylindrical vessel of radius <math>R</math>, a condition can be derived for the formation of a vortex lattice by minimising the expression <math>F' = F - \mathbf{L}_v\cdot\mathbf{\Omega}</math>, where <math>F</math> is the free energy, <math>\mathbf{L}_v</math> is the angular momentum of the fluid and <math>\mathbf{\Omega}</math> is the rotation, with magnitude <math>\Omega</math> and axial direction. The critical velocity for the appearance of a vortex lattice is then <math>\Omega^1_c = \frac{\kappa}{R^2}\ln{\left(\frac{R}{a_0}\right)}</math>.

Exceeding this velocity allows for a vortex to form in the fluid. States with more vortices can be formed by increasing the rotation further, past the next critical velocities <math>\Omega^2_c,\,\Omega^3_c, \cdots</math>. The vortices arrange themselves into ordered configurations that are called vortex lattices.