Editing Rust Belt (section)

===Transformation===
Delving into the past and musing on the future of Rust Belt states, a 2010 [[Brookings Institution]] report suggests that the Great Lakes region has a sizable potential for transformation, citing already existing global trade networks, clean energy/low carbon capacity, developed innovation infrastructure, and higher educational network.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Vey |first1=Jennifer S. |last2=Austin |first2=John C. |last3=Bradley |first3=Jennifer |date=September 27, 2010 |title=The Next Economy: Economic Recovery and Transformation in the Great Lakes Region |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-next-economy-economic-recovery-and-transformation-in-the-great-lakes-region/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116001246/https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-next-economy-economic-recovery-and-transformation-in-the-great-lakes-region/ |archive-date=November 16, 2018 |access-date=May 25, 2020 |publisher=Brookings Institution Paper}}</ref>

Different strategies were proposed in order to reverse the fortunes of the former Factory Belt including building casinos and convention centers, retaining the creative class through arts and downtown renewal, encouraging the knowledge economy type of entrepreneurship, and other steps. This includes growing new industrial base with a pool of skilled labor, rebuilding the infrastructure and infrasystems, creating research and development-focused university-business partnerships, and close cooperation between central, state and local government, and business.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Kotkin |first1=Joel |last2=Schill |first2=March |last3=Streeter |first3=Ryan |date=February 2012 |title=Clues From The Past: The Midwest As An Aspirational Region |url=http://www.newgeography.com/files/MIDWEST-ASPIRATIONAL-REGION-2012.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601103914/http://www.newgeography.com/files/MIDWEST-ASPIRATIONAL-REGION-2012.pdf |archive-date=June 1, 2020 |access-date=June 7, 2013 |publisher=Sagamore Institute}}</ref>

New types of research and development-intensive nontraditional manufacturing have emerged recently in the Rust Belt, including [[biotechnology]], the [[Polymer science|polymer]] industry, [[Information technology|infotech]], and [[Nanotechnology|nanotech]]. [[Information technology]] is seen as representing an opportunity for the Rust Belt's revitalization.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 19, 2013 |title=Silicon Rust Belt » Rethink The Rust Belt |url=http://siliconrustbelt.com/rethink-the-rust-belt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821111513/http://siliconrustbelt.com/rethink-the-rust-belt/ |archive-date=August 21, 2018 |access-date=May 29, 2013}}</ref> Among the successful recent examples is the [[Detroit Aircraft Corporation]], which specializes in unmanned aerial systems integration, testing and aerial cinematography services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iflyasx.com/|title=ASX – Airspace Experience Technologies – Detroit MI – VTOL|website=ASX|access-date=June 23, 2019|archive-date=June 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613210358/https://www.iflyasx.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In Pittsburgh, robotics research centers and companies such as the [[National Robotics Engineering Center]] and [[Robotics Institute]], Aethon Inc., American Robot Corporation, [[Automatika]], [[Quantapoint]], Blue Belt Technologies, and Seegrid are creating state-of-the-art robotic technology applications. [[Akron, Ohio|Akron]], a former "Rubber Capital of the World" that lost 35,000 jobs after major tire and rubber manufacturers [[Goodrich Corporation|Goodrich]], [[Firestone Tire and Rubber Company|Firestone]], and [[General Tire]] closed their production lines, is now again well known around the world as a center of polymer research with four hundred polymer-related manufacturing and distribution companies operating in the area. The turnaround was accomplished in part by a partnership between [[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company|Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company]], which chose to stay, the [[University of Akron]], and the city mayor's office. The Akron Global Business Accelerator that jump-started a score of successful business ventures in Akron resides in the refurbished B.F. Goodrich tire factory.<ref>{{cite news |author=Sherry Karabin |url=http://www.akronlegalnews.com/editorial/7004 |title=Mayor says attitude is key to Akron's revitalization |website=The Akron Legal News |date=May 16, 2013 |access-date=June 6, 2013 |archive-date=July 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715070514/http://www.akronlegalnews.com/editorial/7004 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[3D printing|Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing]], creates another promising avenue for the manufacturing resurgence. Such companies as MakerGear from [[Beachwood, Ohio]], or ExOne Company from [[North Huntingdon Township, Pennsylvania|North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania]], are designing and manufacturing industrial and consumer products using 3-D imaging systems.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2013/06/13/Conference-in-Pittsburgh-shows-growing-allure-of-3-D-printing/stories/201306130342 |title=Conference in Pittsburgh shows growing allure of 3-D printing |author=Len Boselovic |publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=June 13, 2013 |access-date=May 25, 2020 |archive-date=December 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230075311/http://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2013/06/13/Conference-in-Pittsburgh-shows-growing-allure-of-3-D-printing/stories/201306130342 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2013, ''[[The Economist]]'' reported a growing trend of [[Insourcing#Terminology|reshoring]], or [[inshoring]], of manufacturing when a growing number of American companies were moving their production facilities from overseas back home.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21569570-growing-number-american-companies-are-moving-their-manufacturing-back-united |title=Coming home: A growing number of American companies are moving their manufacturing back to the United States |newspaper=The Economist |date=January 19, 2013 |access-date=June 20, 2013 |archive-date=June 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622030754/http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21569570-growing-number-american-companies-are-moving-their-manufacturing-back-united |url-status=live }}</ref> Rust Belt states can ultimately benefit from this process of international [[insourcing]].

There have also been attempts to reinvent properties in the Rust Belt in order to reverse its economic decline. Buildings with compartmentalization unsuitable for today's uses were acquired and renewed to facilitate new businesses. These business activities suggest that the revival is taking place in the once-stagnant area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/rust-belt-states-reinvent-their-abandoned-industrial-landscapes-1.3746893|title=Rust Belt states reinvent their abandoned industrial landscapes|last1=Dayton|first1=Stephen Starr in|last2=Ohio|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en|date=January 5, 2019|access-date=January 26, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107234522/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/rust-belt-states-reinvent-their-abandoned-industrial-landscapes-1.3746893|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[CHIPS and Science Act]], which became effective in August 2022, was designed to rebuild the manufacturing sector with thousands of jobs and research programs in states like Ohio focusing on making products like semiconductors due to the [[2020–2023 global chip shortage|global chip shortage of the early 2020s]].<ref name="NBC News 2022">{{cite web | title=Biden touts computer chips bill in battleground Ohio amid tight Senate race | website=NBC News | date=September 9, 2022 | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-tout-computer-chips-bill-battleground-ohio-tight-senate-race-rcna46986 | access-date=October 11, 2022 | archive-date=October 10, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010221119/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-tout-computer-chips-bill-battleground-ohio-tight-senate-race-rcna46986 | url-status=live }}</ref>