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Secure communication
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=== Encryption === {{Main|Encryption}} [[Encryption]] is a method in which data is rendered hard to read by an unauthorized party. Since encryption methods are created to be extremely hard to break, many communication methods either use deliberately weaker encryption than possible, or have [[Backdoor (computing)|backdoor]]s inserted to permit rapid decryption. In some cases government authorities have required backdoors be installed in secret. Many methods of encryption are also subject to "[[Man-in-the-middle attack|man in the middle]]" attack whereby a third party who can 'see' the establishment of the secure communication is made privy to the encryption method, this would apply for example to the interception of computer use at an ISP. Provided it is correctly programmed, sufficiently powerful, and the keys not intercepted, encryption would usually be considered secure. The article on [[key size]] examines the key requirements for certain degrees of encryption security. Encryption can be implemented in a way that requires the use of encryption, i.e. if encrypted communication is impossible then no traffic is sent, or opportunistically. [[Opportunistic encryption]] is a lower security method to generally increase the percentage of generic traffic which is encrypted. This is analogous to beginning every conversation with "Do you speak [[Code talker|Navajo]]?" If the response is affirmative, then the conversation proceeds in Navajo, otherwise it uses the common language of the two speakers. This method does not generally provide [[authentication]] or [[anonymity]] but it does protect the content of the conversation from [[eavesdropping]]. An [[Information-theoretic security]] technique known as [[Information-theoretic security#Physical Layer Encryption|physical layer encryption]] ensures that a wireless communication link is provably secure with communications and coding techniques.
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