Editing Side-scan sonar (section)

===Commercial application===
[[File:Choctaw sonar image.jpg|thumb|right|side-scan image of the freighter [[SS Choctaw|''Choctaw'']]]]
The first commercial side-scan system was the [[Kelvin Hughes]] "Transit Sonar", a converted echo-sounder with a single-channel, pole-mounted, fan-beam transducer introduced around 1960.  In 1963 Dr. Harold Edgerton, Edward Curley, and John Yules used a conical-beam 12&nbsp;kHz side-scan sonar to find the sunken Vineyard Lightship in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. A team led by [[Martin Klein (engineer)|Martin Klein]] at Edgerton, Germeshausen & Grier (later E.G. & G., Inc.) developed the first successful towed, dual-channel commercial side-scan sonar system from 1963 to 1966. Martin Klein is generally considered to be the "father" of commercial side-scan sonar. In 1967, Edgerton used Klein's sonar to help Alexander McKee find Henry VIII's flagship ''[[Mary Rose]]''. That same year Klein used the sonar to help archaeologist [[George Bass (archeologist)|George Bass]] find a 2000-year-old ship off the coast of Turkey. In 1968 Klein founded Klein Associates (now [[MIND Technology, Inc.|KLEIN - A MIND Technology Business]]) and continued to work on improvements including the first commercial high frequency (500&nbsp;kHz) systems and the first dual-frequency side-scan sonars, and the first combined side-scan and sub-bottom profiling sonar. In 1985, Charles Mazel of Klein Associates (now Klein Marine Systems, Inc.) produced the first commercial side-scan sonar training videos and the first ''Side Scan Sonar Training Manual'' and two oceanographers found the [[Wreck of the RMS Titanic|wreck of the RMS ''Titanic'']].

For surveying large areas, the GLORIA sidescan sonar was developed by Marconi Underwater Systems and the [[National Oceanography Centre|Institute of Oceanographic Sciences]] (IOS) for [[Natural Environment Research Council|NERC]]. GLORIA stands for Geological Long Range Inclined [[Asdic]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130202223648/http://www.springerlink.com/content/q3g86p278t08838p/ Rusby et al. 1973]</ref> It was used by the [[United States Geological Survey|US Geological Survey]] and the IOS in the UK to obtain images of continental shelves worldwide. It operated at relatively low frequencies to obtain long range.  Like most side-scan sonars, the GLORIA instrument is towed behind a ship. GLORIA has a ping rate of two per minute, and detects returns from a range of up to 22&nbsp;km either side of the sonar fish.