Editing Significand (section)

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Burks_1946">{{cite book |author-last1=Burks |author-first1=Arthur Walter |author-link1=Arthur Walter Burks |author-last2=Goldstine |author-first2=Herman H. |author-link2=Herman Goldstine |author-last3=von Neumann |author-first3=John |author-link3=John von Neumann |orig-date=1946 |title=Preliminary discussion of the logical design of an electronic computing instrument |type=Technical report, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA<!-- to U. S. Army Ordnance Department --> |chapter=5.3. |series=Collected Works of John von Neumann |volume=5 |editor-first=A. H. |editor-last=Taub |publisher=[[The Macmillan Company]] |publication-place=New York, USA |date=1963 |page=42<!-- 34-79 --> |url=https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall10/cos375/Burks.pdf |access-date=2016-02-07 |quote=[…] Several of the digital computers being built or planned in this country and England are to contain a so-called "[[floating decimal point]]". This is a mechanism for expressing each word as a [[characteristic (exponent notation)|characteristic]] and a [[mantissa (floating point number)|mantissa]]—e.g. 123.45 would be carried in the machine as (0.12345,03), where the 3 is the exponent of 10 associated with the number. […]}}</ref>
<ref name="Kahan_2002">{{cite web |title=Names for Standardized Floating-Point Formats |author-first=William Morton |author-last=Kahan |author-link=William Morton Kahan |date=2002-04-19 |url=http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/ieee754status/Names.pdf |access-date=2023-12-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227155514/https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/ieee754status/Names.pdf |archive-date=2023-12-27 |quote=[…] ''m'' is the significand or coefficient or (wrongly) mantissa […]}} (8 pages)</ref>
<ref name="Schmid_1974">{{cite book |title=Decimal Computation |author-first=Hermann |author-last=Schmid<!-- General Electric Company, Binghamton, New York, USA --> |author-link=Hermann Schmid (computer scientist) |date=1974 |edition=1 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons, Inc.]] |location=Binghamton, New York, USA |isbn=0-471-76180-X |page=[https://archive.org/details/decimalcomputati0000schm/page/204 204]-205 |url=https://archive.org/details/decimalcomputati0000schm |url-access=registration |access-date=2016-01-03}}</ref>
<ref name="Schmid_1983">{{cite book |title=Decimal Computation |author-first=Hermann |author-last=Schmid<!-- General Electric Company, Binghamton, New York, USA --> |author-link=Hermann Schmid (computer scientist) |orig-date=1974 |date=1983 |edition=1 (reprint) |publisher=Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company |location=Malabar, Florida, USA |isbn=0-89874-318-4 |pages=204–205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uEYZAQAAIAAJ |access-date=2016-01-03}} (NB. At least some batches of this reprint edition were [[misprint]]s with defective pages 115–146.<!-- they contain the contents of another book -->)</ref>
<ref name="Forsythe_Moler_1967">{{cite book |author-first1=George Elmer |author-last1=Forsythe |author-link1=George Elmer Forsythe |author-first2=Cleve Barry |author-last2=Moler |author-link2=Cleve Barry Moler |title=Computer Solution of Linear Algebraic Systems |date=September 1967 |publisher=[[Prentice-Hall]], [[Englewood Cliffs]] |location=New Jersey, USA |edition=1st |series=Automatic Computation |isbn=0-13-165779-8}}</ref>
<ref name="Sterbenz_1974">{{cite book |author-first=Pat H. |author-last=Sterbenz |title=Floating-Point Computation |date=1974-05-01 |edition=1 |series=Prentice-Hall Series in Automatic Computation |publisher=[[Prentice Hall]] |location=Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA |isbn=0-13-322495-3<!-- 978-0-13-322495-5 -->}}</ref>
<ref name="Goldberg_1991">{{cite journal |author-first=David |author-last=Goldberg |author-link=David Goldberg (PARC) |title=What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic |location=[[Xerox Palo Alto Research Center]] (PARC), Palo Alto, California, USA |journal=[[Computing Surveys]] |date=March 1991 |volume=23 |number=1 |page=7 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.]] |url=http://perso.ens-lyon.fr/jean-michel.muller/goldberg.pdf |access-date=2016-07-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713044143/http://perso.ens-lyon.fr/jean-michel.muller/goldberg.pdf |archive-date=2016-07-13 |quote=[…] This term was introduced by [[George Elmer Forsythe|Forsythe]] and [[Cleve Barry Moler|Moler]] [1967], and has generally replaced the older term ''mantissa''. […]}} (NB. A newer edited version can be found here: [https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html])</ref>
<ref name="Savard_2005">{{cite web |title=Floating-Point Formats |at=A Note on Field Designations |author-first=John J. G. |author-last=Savard |date=2018 |orig-date=2005 |work=quadibloc |url=http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/cp0201.htm |access-date=2018-07-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703001709/http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/cp0201.htm |archive-date=2018-07-03}}</ref>
<ref name="Gosling_1980">{{cite book |title=Design of Arithmetic Units for Digital Computers |author-first=John B. |author-last=Gosling |editor-first=Frank H. |editor-last=Sumner |date=1980 |edition=1 |publisher=[[The Macmillan Press Ltd]] |location=Department of Computer Science, [[University of Manchester]], Manchester, UK |isbn=0-333-26397-9 |chapter=6.1 Floating-Point Notation / 6.8.5 Exponent Representation |series=Macmillan Computer Science Series |pages=74, 91, 137–138 |quote=[…] In [[floating-point representation]], a number ''x'' is represented by two signed numbers ''m'' and ''e'' such that ''x''&nbsp;= ''m'' &middot; ''b''<sup>''e''</sup> where ''m'' is the [[significand<!-- deliberate self-link! -->|mantissa]], ''e'' the [[exponent]] and ''b'' the [[base (exponentiation)|base]]. […] The mantissa is sometimes termed the characteristic and a version of the exponent also has this title from some authors. It is hoped that the terms here will be unambiguous. […] [w]e use a[n exponent] value which is shifted by half the binary range of the number. […] This special form is sometimes referred to as a [[biased exponent]], since it is the conventional value plus a constant. Some authors have called it a characteristic, but this term should not be used, since [[Control Data Corporation|CDC]] and others use this term for the mantissa. It is also referred to as an '[[Excess-K|excess -]]' representation, where, for example, - is 64 for a 7-bit exponent (2<sup>7&minus;1</sup>&nbsp;= 64). […]}} (NB. Gosling does not mention the term significand at all.)</ref>
<ref name="IEEE-754-2019">{{cite book |title=754-2019 - IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic |publisher=[[IEEE]] |isbn=978-1-5044-5924-2 |doi=10.1109/IEEESTD.2019.8766229 |date=2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Knuth_ACP">{{cite book |title=The Art of Computer Programming |title-link=The Art of Computer Programming |author-last=Knuth |author-first=Donald E. |date=1997 |author-link=Donald Ervin Knuth |page=214 |volume=2 |publisher=Addison-Wesley |isbn=0-201-89684-2 |quote=[…] Other names are occasionally used for this purpose, notably 'characteristic' and 'mantissa'; but it is an abuse of terminology to call the fraction part a mantissa, since that term has quite a different meaning in connection with logarithms. Furthermore the English word mantissa means 'a worthless addition.' […]}}</ref>
<ref name="EE_1961">{{cite book |title=English Electric KDF9: Very high speed data processing system for Commerce, Industry, Science |type=Product flyer |date=c. 1961 |publisher=[[English Electric]] |id=Publication No. DP/103. 096320WP/RP0961 |url=http://www.ourcomputerheritage.org/KDF9_Flier.pdf |access-date=2020-07-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727143037/http://www.ourcomputerheritage.org/KDF9_Flier.pdf |archive-date=2020-07-27}}</ref>
}}

[[Category:Floating point]]
[[Category:Computer arithmetic]]
[[Category:Mathematical terminology]]