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Silicon on insulator
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==Use in photonics== SOI wafers are widely used in [[silicon photonics]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6lsVVvFCBeAC&q=SOI+Wafers+in+Photonics&pg=PA111|title=Silicon Photonics: An Introduction|first1=Graham T.|last1=Reed|first2=Andrew P.|last2=Knights|date=5 March 2004|publisher=Wiley|access-date=22 April 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0-470-87034-1}}</ref> The crystalline silicon layer on insulator can be used to fabricate optical waveguides and other optical devices, either passive or active (e.g. through suitable implantations). The buried insulator enables propagation of infrared light in the silicon layer on the basis of total internal reflection. The top surface of the waveguides can be either left uncovered and exposed to air (e.g. for sensing applications), or covered with a cladding, typically made of silica<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rigny |first1=Arnaud |title=Silicon-on-Insulator Substrates: The Basis of Silicon Photonics |url=https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Silicon-on-Insulator_Substrates_The_Basis_of/a63021 |website=Photonics.com |access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref>
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