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Sloop-of-war
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==History== [[File:USSPortsmouth(1896).jpg|264px|right|thumb|{{USS|Portsmouth|1843|6}} in 1896.]] In the [[Royal Navy]], the sloop evolved into an [[rating system of the Royal Navy|unrated]] vessel with a single gun deck and three masts, two [[square rig]]ged and the aft-most [[fore-and-aft rig]]ged (corvettes had three masts, all of which were square-rigged). Steam sloops had a transverse division of their lateral [[coal]] bunkers<ref>''War-Ships. A Text-Book on The Construction, Protection, Stability, Turning, etc., of War Vessels'', E. L. Attwood M.Inst.N.A, Longmans Green and Co., 1910</ref> in order that the lower division could be emptied first, to maintain a level of protection afforded by the coal in the upper bunker division along the waterline. During the War of 1812 sloops of war in the service of the [[United States Navy]] performed well against their Royal Navy equivalents. The American ships had the advantage of being ship-rigged rather than brig-rigged, a distinction that increased their manoeuvrability. They were also larger and better armed. ''Cruizer-''class brig-sloops in particular were vulnerable in one-on-one engagements with American sloops-of-war.<ref>Gardiner, Robert (1996). ''The Naval War of 1812''. Caxton pictorial history. {{ISBN|1-84067-360-5}}. pg 122</ref> === Decline === In the second half of the 19th century, successive generations of naval guns became larger and with the advent of [[Steam sloop|steam-powered sloops]], both paddle and screw, by the 1880s even the most powerful warships had fewer than a dozen large calibre guns, and were therefore technically sloops. Since the rating system was no longer a reliable indicator of a ship's combat power, it was abolished altogether and with it the classifications of sloops, corvettes and frigates. Instead a classification based on the intended role of the ship became common, such as [[cruiser]] and [[battleship]]. ===Revival=== During the [[First World War]], the sloop rating was revived by the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Royal Navy]] for small warships not intended for fleet deployments. Examples include the [[Anchusa-class sloop|Flower classes]] of "convoy sloops", those designed for [[convoy]] escort, and the {{sclass2|Hunt|minesweeper (1916)|4}} of "minesweeping sloops", those intended for [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeping]] duty. The Royal Navy continued to build vessels rated as sloops during the interwar years. These sloops were small warships intended for colonial "[[gunboat diplomacy]]" deployments, surveying duties, and acting during wartime as convoy escorts. As they were not intended to deploy with the fleet, sloops had a maximum speed of less than {{convert|20|kn|km/h|0}}. A number of such sloops, for example the {{sclass|Grimsby|sloop|5}} and {{sclass|Kingfisher|sloop|5}} classes, were built in the interwar years. Fleet minesweepers such as the {{sclass|Algerine|minesweeper|4}} were rated as "minesweeping sloops". The Royal Navy officially dropped the term "sloop" in 1937, although the term remained in widespread and general use. [[File:HQS-Wellington-Crossthames.jpg|right|thumb|264px|The {{sclass|Grimsby|sloop|0}} {{HMS|Wellington|U65|6}}. Launched in 1934, the vessel is now berthed on [[River Thames|the Thames]]]] ===World War II=== {{See also|List of frigates of World War II}} During [[World War II]], 37 ships of the {{sclass|Black Swan|sloop|4}} were built for convoy escort duties. However, the warship-standards construction, propulsion and sophisticated armaments of the sloop of that time shared [[Bottleneck (production)|bottlenecks]] with destroyers and did not lend themselves to mass production on commercial shipyards, thus the sloop was supplanted by the [[corvette]], and later the [[frigate]], as the primary escort vessel of the Royal Navy. Built to mercantile standards and with (initially) simple armaments, these vessels, notably the {{sclass2|Flower|corvette|5}} and {{sclass2|River|frigate|5}} classes, were produced in large numbers for the [[Battle of the Atlantic]]. In 1948 the Royal Navy reclassified its remaining sloops and corvettes as frigates, even though the term sloop had been officially defunct for nine years. ===2010s=== The Royal Navy has proposed a concept, known as the "''[[Future of the Royal Navy#Mine countermeasures and Hydrographic Capability (MHC)|Future Black Swan-class Sloop-of-war]]''",<ref name="gov.uk">[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/33686/20120503JCN112_Black_SwanU.pdf Future Black Swan-class Sloop-of-war: A Group System (MoD Concept Note)], gov.uk, Retrieved 2012</ref> as an alternative to the Global Corvette of the [[Global Combat Ship]] programme.
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