Editing Soybean rust (section)

==Management and control==
Disease control options for ASR are limited. Rust descends in clouds of spores across the countryside. Cultural practices such as row spacing and [[crop rotation]]s have little effect. [[plant disease resistance|Resistant]] [[cultivar]]s do exist,<ref name="Kashiwa-et-al-2020" /><ref name="Langenbach-et-al-2016" /> carrying what are called ''Rpp'' genes.<ref name="Kashiwa-et-al-2020" /><ref name="Langenbach-et-al-2016" /> When weather and disease infection conditions are favorable, the occurrence of ASR can be widespread. Thus, remedial control measures—using [[fungicide]]s as protective sprays—are the main effective disease control method.<ref name="Born-Diver-2005" /><ref name="Kashiwa-et-al-2020" /><ref name="Langenbach-et-al-2016" />  Soybean rust must be managed as early in the growing season as possible to be managed successfully.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soybean rust |url=https://extension.umn.edu/pest-management/soybean-rust |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=extension.umn.edu |language=en}}</ref>

Synthetic fungicides are the primary disease control option for protection against Asian soybean rust. The cost of spraying is estimated to be about $15 to $20 per [[acre]]; however, two or three sprays may be needed over the course of the growing season. These are significant additional production costs for soybean growers.<ref name="Born-Diver-2005" />

Fungicide screening trials to determine disease control efficacy have been field conducted in South America and South Africa. These reports are available on the Web through USDA's Integrated Pest Management Information Centers.<ref name="IMP-Centers" /> These research trials form the basis for fungicidal recommendations in the U.S.

Recent research from [[Washington State University]] indicates that the herbicide [[Glyphosate]] may be effective in dealing with the fungus.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

Rust-resistant varieties of soybeans are currently in development by both public universities and private industry.<ref name="Kashiwa-et-al-2020" /><ref name="Langenbach-et-al-2016" />

In some regions, the selection of winter cover crops and forage legumes may be effected, since they can serve as host plants.<ref name="Born-Diver-2005" /> Resistance genes (''Rpp''s) have been identified<ref name="Kashiwa-et-al-2020" /><ref name="Langenbach-et-al-2016" /> and host resistance is expected to be an effective, long-term solution for soybean rust in the future.<ref name="Kashiwa-et-al-2020" /><ref name="Langenbach-et-al-2016" />  Until resistant commercial varieties are in place, the management of rust depends on judicious use of fungicides.<ref name="planthealth.info-basics" /><ref name="Kashiwa-et-al-2020" /><ref name="Langenbach-et-al-2016" />

When untreated, soybean rust causes yield losses due to premature defoliation, fewer seeds per pod and decreased number of filled pods per plant.<ref name="ppdl.purdue.edu" />