Editing Stroboscopic effect (section)

=== Effects ===
Various scientific committees have assessed the potential health, performance and safety-related aspects resulting from temporal light modulations (TLMs) including stroboscopic effect.<ref>IEEE Std 1789:2015, ''IEEE Recommended Practices for Modulating Current in High-Brightness LEDs for Mitigating Health Risks to viewers. ([https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1789/4479/ link)]''</ref><ref>SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks), ''[https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/scientific_committees/emerging/docs/scenihr_o_035.pdf Health effects of artificial light]'', 19 March 2012 ({{ISBN|978-92-79-26314-9}}).</ref><ref>SCHEER (EC Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks), ''Final Opinion on potential risks to human health of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)'', June 2018. [https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consultations/public_consultations/scheer_consultation_05_en (link)].</ref> Adverse effects in common lighting application areas include annoyance, reduced task performance, visual fatigue and headache. The visibility aspects of stroboscopic effect are given in a technical note of [[International Commission on Illumination|CIE]], see CIE TN 006:2016<ref name=":0">CIE TN 006:2016, ''Visual Aspects of Time-Modulated Lighting Systems – Definitions and Measurement Models.'' [http://files.cie.co.at/883_CIE_TN_006-2016.pdf (pdf)]</ref> and in the thesis of Perz.<ref name=":1">M. Perz, ''Modelling visibility of temporal light artefacts'', thesis Eindhoven University of Technology, 05/02/2019 ({{ISBN|978-90-386-4681-7}}) [2]</ref><ref>TU/e News, Stroboscopic visibility measure – understanding how people experience LED-light fluctuation, 01 February 2019.[https://www.tue.nl/en/news/news-overview/01-02-2019-stroboscopic-visibility-measure-understanding-how-people-experience-led-light-fluctuation/ link]</ref>

Stroboscopic effects may also lead to unsafe situations in workplaces with fast moving or rotating machinery. If the frequency of fast rotating machinery or moving parts coincides with the frequency, or multiples of the frequency, of the light modulation, the machinery can appear to be stationary, or to move with another speed, potentially leading to [[Stroboscopic effect#Dangers in workplaces|hazardous situations]].<ref name="FB:January2025" /> Stroboscopic effects that become visible in rotating objects are also referred to as the [[wagon-wheel effect]].

In general, undesired effects in the visual perception of a human observer induced by light intensity fluctuations are called [[Temporal light artefacts|Temporal Light Artefacts]] (TLAs). Further background and explanations on the different TLA phenomena including stroboscopic effect is given in a recorded webinar “''Is it all just flicker?''”.<ref name=":2">D. Sekulovski, Recording of webinar “''Is it all just flicker?''” [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gZg6eUmEGA (YouTube)]</ref>

Possible stroboscopic induced medical issues in some people include migraines & headaches, autistic repetitive behaviors, eye strain & fatigue, reduced visual task performance, anxiety and (rarer) epileptic seizures.<ref name="FB:January2025" />