Editing Sublimation (phase transition) (section)

==Examples==
[[File:Comparison carbon dioxide water phase diagrams.svg|thumb|upright=2|Comparison of phase diagrams of carbon dioxide (red) and water (blue) showing the carbon dioxide sublimation point (middle-left) at 1 atmosphere. As dry ice is heated, it crosses this point along the bold horizontal line from the solid phase directly into the gaseous phase. Water, on the other hand, passes through a liquid phase at 1 atmosphere.]]
The examples shown are substances that noticeably sublime under certain conditions.

===Carbon dioxide===
[[File:Dry Ice Vapor (17490553041).jpg|thumb|[[Dry ice]] subliming in air]]
Solid [[carbon dioxide]] ([[dry ice]]) sublimes rapidly along the solid-gas boundary (sublimation point) below the triple point (e.g., at the temperature of −78.5&nbsp;°C, at [[atmospheric pressure]]), whereas its melting into liquid CO<sub>2</sub> can occur along the solid-liquid boundary ([[melting point]]) at pressures and temperatures above the triple point (i.e., 5.1 atm, −56.6&nbsp;°C).

===Water===
[[Snow]] and [[ice]] sublime gradually at temperatures below the solid-liquid boundary (melting point) (generally 0&nbsp;°C), and at partial pressures below the triple point pressure of {{convert|612|Pa|atm|abbr=on}}, at a low rate.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fassnacht |first=S. R. |year=2004 |title=Estimating Alter-shielded gauge snowfall undercatch, snowpack sublimation, and blowing snow transport at six sites in the coterminous USA |journal=Hydrol. Process. |doi=10.1002/hyp.5806 |bibcode=2004HyPr...18.3481F |volume=18 |issue=18 |pages=3481–3492|s2cid=129927018 }}</ref> In [[freeze-drying]], the material to be dehydrated is frozen and its water is allowed to sublime under reduced pressure or vacuum. The loss of snow from a [[snowfield]] during a cold spell is often caused by sunshine acting directly on the upper layers of the snow. Sublimation of ice is a factor to the erosive wear of [[glacier ice]], known as [[ablation]] in [[glaciology]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?p=1&query=ablation&submit=Search |title=''Glossary of Meteorology'' |access-date=2010-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917232831/http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?p=1&query=ablation&submit=Search |archive-date=2011-09-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Naphthalene===
[[File:Sublimation reaction of naphthalene.jpg|thumb|Experimental set up for the sublimation reaction of [[naphthalene]], solid naphthalene sublimes and form the crystal-like structure at the bottom of the [[watch glass]]]]
[[File:Crystal-like sublimated naphthalene.jpg|thumb|Solid compound of [[naphthalene]] sublimed to form a crystal-like structure on the cool surface.]]

[[Naphthalene]], an organic compound commonly found in pesticides such as [[mothball]]s, sublimes easily because it is made of non-polar molecules that are held together only by [[Van der Waals force|van der Waals]] intermolecular forces. Naphthalene is a solid that sublimes gradually at [[standard temperature and pressure]],<ref>
{{cite book
|last=Caroll |first=J.
|year=2014
|title=Natural Gas Hydrates
|isbn=9780128005750
|page=16
|publisher=Gulf Professional
}}</ref> at a high rate, with the critical sublimation point at around {{convert|80|C|F}}.<ref>
{{cite web
|author=Staff writer(s)
|date=2015
|title=what solids go through sublimation?
|publisher=National Science Foundation and UCSB School-University partnership
|url=http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=4306
|access-date=13 November 2015
}}</ref> At low temperature, its vapour pressure is high enough, 1{{nbsp}}mmHg at 53{{nbsp}}°C,<ref>
{{cite book
|last=Pavia |first=D.
|year=2005
|title=Introduction to organic laboratory technique
|isbn=978-0534408336
|pages=781–782
|publisher=Thomson Brooks/Cole
}}</ref> to make the solid form of naphthalene evaporate into gas. On cool surfaces, the naphthalene vapours will solidify to form needle-like crystals.

===Iodine===
[[Iodine]] sublimes gradually and produces visible fumes on gentle heating at [[standard conditions for temperature and pressure|standard atmospheric temperature]]. It is possible to obtain liquid iodine at atmospheric pressure by controlling the temperature at just between the melting point and the boiling point of iodine. In [[forensic science]], iodine vapor can reveal latent [[fingerprint]]s on paper.<ref>{{cite book
|last=Girard |first=James
|year= 2011
|title= Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime and Terrorism
|publisher= Jones & Bartlett Learning
|isbn= 978-0-7637-7731-9
|pages= 143–144
}}</ref>

=== Other substances ===
[[File:Camphor sublimation 1.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Camphor]] subliming in a [[cold finger]]. The crude product in the bottom is dark brown; the white purified product on the bottom of the cold finger above is hard to see against the light background.]]

At [[atmospheric pressure]], [[arsenic]] sublimes gradually upon heating, and sublimes rapidly at {{convert|887|K|C}}.<ref name="Holl3">{{cite book |last=Holleman |first=Arnold F. |title=Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie |author2=Wiberg, Egon |author3=Wiberg, Nils |date=1985 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-007511-3 |edition=91–100 |pages=675–681 |language=de |chapter=Arsen}}</ref>

[[Cadmium]] and [[zinc]] sublime much more than other common materials, so they are not suitable [[materials for use in vacuum]].{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}