Editing Sweating sickness (section)

===Sixteenth century===
[[File:Hans Holbein the Younger - Henry Brandon, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (1535-51) - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|[[Henry Brandon, 2nd Duke of Suffolk]], who in 1551 died of the sweating sickness aged fifteen, just an hour before his brother Charles also succumbed]]
The ailment was not recorded from 1492 to 1502. It may have been the condition which afflicted Henry VII's son [[Arthur, Prince of Wales]], and Arthur's wife, [[Catherine of Aragon]], in March 1502; their illness was described as "a malign vapour which proceeded from the air".<ref>{{cite book | title=The Six Wives of Henry VIII | publisher=Grove Press | last=Weir | first=Alison | year=2007 | location=New York | isbn=978-0-8021-3683-1 | page=[https://archive.org/details/sixwivesofhenryv00weir_1/page/37 37] | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/sixwivesofhenryv00weir_1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=The Virgin Queen: A Personal History of Elizabeth I | publisher=Viking Press | last=Hibbert | first=Christopher | year=2010 | location=New York | isbn=978-1-84885-555-7 | page=4}}</ref> Researchers who opened Arthur's tomb in 2002 could not determine the exact cause of death. Catherine recovered, but Arthur died on 2 April 1502 in his home at [[Ludlow Castle]], six months short of his sixteenth birthday.<ref>{{cite book | title=Henry VIII | publisher=Oxford University Press | last=Ives | first=Eric | year=2007 | location=Oxford | isbn=978-0-19-921759-5 | page=1}}</ref>

A second, less widespread outbreak occurred in 1507, followed by a third and much more severe epidemic in 1517, a few cases of which may have also spread to [[Calais]].<ref name=Roberts/> In the 1517 epidemic, the disease showed a particular affinity for the English; the ambassador from Venice at the time commented on the peculiarly low number of cases in foreign visitors. A similar effect was noted in 1528 when Calais (then [[Pale of Calais|an English territory]]) experienced an outbreak that did not spread into France.<ref name="Wylie 1981" /> The 1528 outbreak, the fourth, reached epidemic proportions. The earliest written reference to it was on 5 June 1528, in a letter to Bishop Tunstall of London from Brian Tuke, who said that he had fled to [[Stepney]] to avoid infection from a servant at his house who was ill with "the sweat.",<ref>Charles Creighton, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kRMLAAAAIAAJ&q=%22sweating+sickness%22+1528 A History of Epidemics in Britain from A.D. 664 to the Extinction of Plague]'' (Cambridge University Press, 1891) pp.250-251</ref> suggesting that it broke out in London at the end of May. The sweats spread over the whole of England, save the far north. It did not spread to Scotland, though it did reach Ireland where Lord Chancellor [[Hugh Inge]], who died on 3 August 1528, was the most prominent victim.<ref name="Ball2005">{{cite book|first=F. Elrington|last=Ball|author-link=F. Elrington Ball|title=The Judges in Ireland, 1221–1921|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqeSXWqKAD8C&pg=PA117|access-date=5 May 2011|date=2005|orig-year=First published 1926|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange|isbn=978-1-58477-428-0|pages=117–}}</ref> Mortality was very high in London; Henry VIII broke up the court and left London, frequently changing his residence. In 1529 [[Thomas Cromwell]] lost his wife and two daughters to the disease. It is believed several of the closest people to [[Henry VIII]] contracted the sickness. His love letters to his mistress, [[Anne Boleyn]], reveal that physicians believed Anne had contracted the illness. Henry sent his second-most trusted physician to her aid, his first being unavailable, and she survived.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Henry VIII, King of England|date=April 27, 2010|title=The Love Letters of Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn; With Notes|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32155|via=Project Gutenberg|access-date=7 December 2020|chapter=Letter Ninth|archive-date=3 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503065646/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32155|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cardinal Wolsey]] contracted the illness and survived.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grove|first=Joseph|title=The history of the life and times of Cardinal Wolsey, prime minister to King Henry Viii. I. Of his Birth, and the various Steps he took to attain Preferment, connected with Affairs, both Foreign and Domestick, from the Death of Edward IV. to the End of the Reign of Henry Vii. II. Of his Conduct and Management while Prime Minister, (commencing with the Reign of Henry Viii.) and continued by way of Annals to his Disgrace and Death, including the general Transactions of Europe. III. Memoirs of the Emperor Charles V. Henry Viii. and Francis I. from the Demise of the Cardinal to their respective Deaths. IV. The secret History of the Cardinal, by George Cavendish, Esq; his Gentleman Usher, written in the Reign of Philip and Mary. In which are interspersed The Lives and memorable Actions of the most eminent Persons: And the whole illustrated with Political and Moral Reflections. Collected from antient Records, Manuscripts, and Historians. ... . Adorn'd with Cuts, and a compleat Index|publisher=printed by J. Purser, for the author, and sold by J. Stagg, in Westminster-Hall; J. Brindley, in Bond-Street; R. Chandler and C. Ward, at Temple-Bar, York and Scarborough; L. Gilliver, and J. Whiston, in Fleet-Street; J. Huggonson, on Ludgate-Hill; T. Astley, in St. Paul's Church-Yard; R. Willock, J. Wood, J. Clarke, and W. Meadows, in Cornhill; and J. Walthoe, at Richmond in Surry. (London) Volume: 3|year=1742|pages=7–20}}</ref>

The disease was brought to Hamburg by a ship from England in July 1529.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gruner|first=Christian Gottfried|date=1847|title=Scriptores de sudore anglico superstites|url=https://archive.org/details/b28038071|via=Internet Archive|access-date=3 February 2024|pages=443–444}}</ref> It spread along the Baltic coast, north to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway as well as south to Strasbourg, Frankfurt, Cologne, Marburg, and Göttingen in September of that year.<ref name=Christiansen>{{cite journal|pmc=2706052|year=2009|last1=Christiansen|first1=John|title=The English Sweat in Lübeck and North Germany, 1529|journal=Medical History|volume=53|issue=3|pages=415–24|doi=10.1017/s0025727300004002|pmid=19584960 }}</ref> Cases were unknown in Italy or France, except in the English-controlled [[Pale of Calais]]. It emerged in Flanders and the Netherlands,<ref name=Roberts/> possibly transmitted directly from England by travellers; it appeared simultaneously in the cities of Antwerp and Amsterdam on the morning of 27 September. In each place, it prevailed for a short time, generally not more than two weeks. By the end of 1529, it had entirely disappeared except in the eastern part of the Swiss Confederacy, where it lingered into the next year. The disease did not recur in mainland Europe.