Editing Synchrotron (section)

=== As part of synchrotron light sources ===
{{See also|List of synchrotron radiation facilities}}
Synchrotron radiation also has a wide range of applications (see [[synchrotron light]]) and many 2nd and 3rd generation synchrotrons have been built especially to harness it. The largest of those 3rd generation synchrotron light sources are the [[European Synchrotron Radiation Facility]] (ESRF) in [[Grenoble]], France, the Advanced Photon Source ([[Advanced Photon Source|APS]]) near Chicago, United States, and [[SPring-8]] in [[Japan]], accelerating electrons up to 6, 7 and 8 [[GeV]], respectively.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

Synchrotrons which are useful for cutting edge research are large machines, costing tens or hundreds of millions of dollars to construct, and each beamline (there may be 20 to 50 at a large synchrotron) costs another two or three million dollars on average. These installations are mostly built by the science funding agencies of governments of developed countries, or by collaborations between several countries in a region, and operated as infrastructure facilities available to scientists from universities and research organisations throughout the country, region, or world. More compact models, however, have been developed, such as the [[Synchrotron light source#Compact synchrotron light sources|Compact Light Source]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}