Editing Tamil script (section)

===Extra consonants used in Tamil===
The Tamil speech has incorporated many phonemes that were not part of the [[Tolkāppiyam]] classification. The letters used to write these sounds, known as '''Grantha''', are used as part of Tamil. These are taught from elementary school and incorporated in [[Tamil All Character Encoding|Tamil All Character Encoding (TACE16)]].

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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Grantha consonants in Tamil{{sfn|Steever|1996|p=426-430}}
|-
! Consonant !! [[ISO 15919]] !! IPA
|-
| {{lang|ta|ஜ்}} || {{transliteration|ta|ISO|j}} || {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}
|-
|{{lang|ta|ஶ்}} || {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ś}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|-
| {{lang|ta|ஷ்}} || {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ṣ}} || {{IPA|/ʂ/}}
|-
| {{lang|ta|ஸ்}} || {{transliteration|ta|ISO|s}} || {{IPA|/s/}}
|-
| {{lang|ta|ஹ்}} || {{transliteration|ta|ISO|h}} || {{IPA|/h/}}
|-
| {{lang|ta|க்ஷ்}} || {{transliteration|ta|ISO|kṣ}} || {{IPA|/kʂ/}}
|}

There is also the compound {{lang|ta|ஶ்ரீ}} ({{transliteration|ta|ISO|śrī}}), equivalent to {{lang|inc-Deva|श्री}} in [[Devanagari]].

Combinations of consonants with {{lang|ta|ஃ}} ({{lang|ta|ஆய்த எழுத்து}}, {{transliteration|ta|ISO|āyda eḻuttu}}, equivalent to [[nuqta]]) are occasionally used to represent phonemes of foreign languages, especially to write [[Islamic]] and [[Christian]] texts. For example: asif = {{lang|ta|அசிஃப்}}, azārutīn̠ = {{lang|ta|அஃஜாருதீன்}}, [[Genghis Khan]] = {{lang|ta|கெங்கிஸ் ஃகான்}}.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}}

A nuqta-like diacritic is used while writing the [[Badaga language]] and double dot nuqta for the [[Irula language]] to transcribe its sounds.<ref>The Unicode Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification, South and Central Asia-I, Official Scripts of India pg. 498</ref>

There has also been effort to differentiate voiced and voiceless consonants through subscripted numbers – two, three, and four which stand for the unvoiced aspirated, voiced, voiced aspirated respectively. This was used to transcribe Sanskrit words in Sanskrit–Tamil books, as shown in the table below.<ref name="Sharma2010a">Sharma, Shriramana. (2010a). [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10256r-extended-tamil.pdf ''Proposal to encode characters for Extended Tamil''.]</ref><ref name="Sharma2010c">Sharma, Shriramana. (2010c). [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10407-ext-tamil-follow2.pdf ''Follow-up #2 to Extended Tamil proposal''.]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| {{lang|ta|க}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ka}} || {{lang|ta|க₂}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|kha}} || {{lang|ta|க₃}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ga}} || {{lang|ta|க₄}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|gha}}
|-
| {{lang|ta|ச}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ca}} || {{lang|ta|ச₂}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|cha}} || {{lang|ta|ஜ}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ja}} || {{lang|ta|ஜ₂}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|jha}}
|-
| {{lang|ta|ட}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ṭa}} || {{lang|ta|ட₂}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ṭha}} || {{lang|ta|ட₃}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ḍa}} || {{lang|ta|ட₄}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ḍha}}
|-
| {{lang|ta|த}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ta}} || {{lang|ta|த₂}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|tha}} || {{lang|ta|த₃}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|da}} || {{lang|ta|த₄}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|dha}}
|-
| {{lang|ta|ப}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|pa}} || {{lang|ta|ப₂}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|pha}} || {{lang|ta|ப₃}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ba}} || {{lang|ta|ப₄}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|bha}}
|}
The Unicode Standard uses superscripted digits for the same purpose, as in {{lang|ta|ப²}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|pha}}, {{lang|ta|ப³}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ba}}, and {{lang|ta|ப⁴}} {{transliteration|ta|ISO|bha}}.<ref>Unicode Consortium (2019). Tamil. In [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/ch12.pdf ''The Unicode Standard Version 12.0'' (pp. 489–498)].</ref>