Editing Temporal paradox (section)

===Newcomb's paradox===
{{main|Newcomb's paradox}}
Newcomb's paradox is a [[thought experiment]] showing an apparent contradiction between the [[expected utility hypothesis|expected utility]] principle and the [[strategic dominance]] principle.<ref name="Wolpert">{{cite journal |first1=D. H. |last1=Wolpert |first2=G. |last2=Benford |title=The lesson of Newcomb's paradox |journal=[[Synthese]]|date=June 2013 |volume=190 |issue=9 |pages=1637–1646 |doi=10.1007/s11229-011-9899-3 |jstor=41931515|s2cid=113227 }}</ref> The thought experiment is often extended to explore [[causality]] and free will by allowing for "perfect predictors": if perfect predictors of the future exist, for example if time travel exists as a mechanism for making perfect predictions{{how?|date=September 2024}}, then perfect predictions appear to contradict free will because decisions apparently made with free will are already known to the perfect predictor{{what?|date=September 2024}}.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Craig |year=1987 |url=http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/newcomb.html |title=Divine Foreknowledge and Newcomb's Paradox |journal=Philosophia |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=331–350 |doi=10.1007/BF02455055|s2cid=143485859 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Craig |first=William Lane |author-link=William Lane Craig |year=1988 |title=Tachyons, Time Travel, and Divine Omniscience |journal=[[The Journal of Philosophy]] |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=135–150 |jstor=2027068|doi=10.2307/2027068 }}</ref> [[Predestination]] does not necessarily involve a [[supernatural]] power, and could be the result of other "infallible foreknowledge" mechanisms.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Craig|first=William Lane|year=1987 |url=http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/newcomb.html |title=Divine Foreknowledge and Newcomb's Paradox |journal=Philosophia |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=331–350 |doi=10.1007/BF02455055|s2cid=143485859|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Problems arising from infallibility and influencing the future are explored in Newcomb's paradox.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dummett|first=Michael|title=The Seas of Language|isbn=9780198240112|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=356, 370–375}}</ref>