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Three marks of existence
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===Dukkha=== {{Main|Dukkha}} ''[[Dukkha]]'' (Sanskrit: ''duhkha'') means "unsatisfactory", commonly translated as "suffering", or "pain".<ref name=peterharvey26>{{cite book|author=Peter Harvey|editor=Steven M. Emmanuel|title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-119-14466-3|pages=26–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Carol Anderson|title=Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASlTAQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-81332-0|pages=1, 22 with note 4 |quote=(...) the three characteristics of samsara/sankhara (the realm of rebirth): anicca (impermance), dukkha (pain) and anatta (no-self).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Malcolm Huxter|title=Healing the Heart and Mind with Mindfulness: Ancient Path, Present Moment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n2qFCwAAQBAJ|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-50540-2|page=10 |quote=dukkha (unsatisfactoriness or suffering) (....) In the Introduction I wrote that dukkha is probably best understood as unsatisfactoriness.}}</ref> [[Mahasi Sayadaw]] calls it '[http://www.buddhanet.net/brahmaviharas/bvd063.htm unmanagable, uncontrollable]'. As the [[Four Noble Truths|First Noble Truth]], ''dukkha'' is explicated as the physical and mental dissatisfaction of changing conditions as in [[Rebirth (Buddhism)|birth]], [[Jarāmaraṇa|aging]], [[Byādhi (Buddhism)|illness]], [[Jarāmaraṇa|death]]; getting what one wishes to avoid or not getting what one wants; and "in short, the five aggregates of clinging and grasping" (''[[skandha]]'').<ref name=peterharvey26/><ref>{{cite book|author=Malcolm Huxter|title=Healing the Heart and Mind with Mindfulness: Ancient Path, Present Moment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n2qFCwAAQBAJ|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-50540-2|pages=1–10, Introduction}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Bhikkhu Bodhi |title=In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=11X1h60Qc0IC |year=2005|publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-86171-491-9 |pages=67–8}}</ref> This, however, is a different context, not the Three Marks of Existence, and therefore 'suffering' may not be the best word for it. The relationship between the three characteristics is explained in the [[Pali Canon]] as follows: What is ''anicca'' is ''dukkha''. What is ''dukkha'' is ''anatta'' ([[Pali Canon|Samyutta Nikaya.Vol4.Page1]]). * "That which is impermanent is ''dukkha'' (i.e. it cannot be made to last). That which is ''dukkha'' is not permanent."
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