Editing Tide pool (section)

===Fauna===
The [[sea anemone]] ''[[Anthopleura elegantissima]]'' reproduces clones of itself through a process of longitudinal [[Fission (biology)|fission]], in which the animal splits into two parts along its length.<ref name="Sea Anemones">
{{cite news
 |title       = Sea Anemones
 |website   = homepages.ed.ac.uk
 |author      = Andy Horton
 |date        = September 5, 2008
 |url         = http://homepages.ed.ac.uk/evah01/anemone.htm
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081017210840/http://homepages.ed.ac.uk/evah01/anemone.htm
 |archive-date = 2008-10-17
 |df          = mdy-all
}}</ref>
The sea anemone ''[[Anthopleura sola]]'' often engages in territorial fights. The white tentacles (acrorhagi), which contain stinging cells, are for fighting. The sea anemones sting each other repeatedly until one of them moves.<ref name="Snakelocks Anemone ">
{{cite news 
| title = Snakelocks Anemone 
| publisher = British Marine Life Study Society
| date = September 5, 2008
| url =   http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Snakelok.htm
| access-date = 2008-09-06 
| df          = mdy-all
}}</ref>

Some species of sea stars can [[Regeneration (biology)|regenerate]] lost arms. Most species must retain an intact central part of the body to be able to regenerate, but a few can regrow from a single ray. The regeneration of these stars is possible because the vital organs are in the arms.<ref name=" Biology:Regeneration ">
{{cite news
 |title       = Biology: Regeneration
 |publisher   = Dana Krempels, Ph.D.
 |date        = September 5, 2008
 |url         = http://en.allexperts.com/q/Biology-664/Regeneration.htm
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090806060325/http://en.allexperts.com/q/Biology-664/Regeneration.htm
 |archive-date = August 6, 2009
 |df          = mdy-all
}}</ref>

Sea urchins ("[[Echinoidia]]") move around tide pools with tube like feet. Different species of [[Urchin barren|urchin]] have different colors, and many are seen in tide pools. With [[Spine (zoology)|spines]], some filled with poison like with "[[Toxopnesutes pileolus]]", that protect them from predators they feed almost undisturbed in tide pools. [[Algae]] and other microorganism are the food sources that attract them to the tide pools.<ref>
{{cite news
 |title     = Sea Urchins
 |publisher = California Tide Pools
 |date      = October 1, 2014
 |url       = http://californiatidepools.com/sea-urchins/
}}</ref>

The presence of the [[California mussel]] increases the supply of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in coastal marine tide pools which allows the ecosystem the nutrients to be more productive.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pfister |first=Catherine A. |date=2007 |title=Intertidal Invertebrates Locally Enhance Primary Production |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27651282 |journal=Ecology |volume=88 |issue=7 |pages=1647–1653 |doi=10.1890/06-1913.1 |jstor=27651282 |pmid=17645011 |bibcode=2007Ecol...88.1647P |issn=0012-9658|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The shell of a California mussel is primarily composed of [[Aragonite]] and [[Calcite]] which are both polymorphs of [[Calcium carbonate]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Bullard |first1=Elizabeth M. |last2=Torres |first2=Ivan |last3=Ren |first3=Tianqi |last4=Graeve |first4=Olivia A. |last5=Roy |first5=Kaustuv |date=2021-01-19 |title=Shell mineralogy of a foundational marine species, Mytilus californianus, over half a century in a changing ocean |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=118 |issue=3 |pages=e2004769118 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2004769118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=7826377 |pmid=33431664 |bibcode=2021PNAS..11804769B |doi-access=free }}</ref> Climate change and ocean acidification has led to a decrease in these amounts important compounds in California Mussel shells over many years.<ref name=":02" />

[[Lichen]]s and [[barnacle]]s live in the splash zone.<ref name="NPCA Tide pools" /> Different [[barnacle]] [[species]] live at very tightly constrained elevations, with tidal conditions precisely determining the exact height of an assemblage relative to sea level. The intertidal zone is periodically exposed to sun and wind, conditions that can cause barnacles to become [[Desiccation|desiccated]]. These animals, therefore, need to be well adapted to water loss. Their [[calcite]] shells are impermeable, and they possess two [[plate (anatomy)|plate]]s which they slide across their mouth opening when not feeding. These plates also protect against predation.<ref>
{{cite journal |last=Connell |first=Joseph H. |author-link=Joseph H. Connell |date=November 1972 |title=Community Interactions on Marine Rocky Intertidal Shores |journal=[[Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics|Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=169–192 |doi=10.1146/annurev.es.03.110172.001125 |jstor=2096846|bibcode=1972AnRES...3..169C }}
</ref>
[[File:27723-_crab_fight_in_a_tide_pool.jpg|thumb|Hermit crabs in a tide pool]]
Many species of [[Hermit crab]] are commonly found in tide pool environments. The long-wristed hermit crab ([[Pagurus longicarpus]]) has been found to become stranded in tide pools and are forced to inhabit gastropod shells in response to the rapidly changing temperature of the pools.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gilliand |first1=Sarah |last2=Pechenik |first2=Jan A. |date=December 2018 |title=Temperature and Salinity Effects on Shell Selection by the Hermit Crab Pagurus longicarpus |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/700188 |journal=The Biological Bulletin |language=en |volume=235 |issue=3 |pages=178–184 |doi=10.1086/700188 |pmid=30624115 |s2cid=58602447 |issn=0006-3185|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Hermit crabs of different or the same species compete for the snail shells that are available.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yoshikawa |first1=Akihiro |last2=Goto |first2=Ryutaro |last3=Yasuda |first3=Chiaki I |last4=Asakura |first4=Akira |date=2020-07-21 |title=Corrigendum to: Size and sex bias in air-exposure behavior during low tide of the intertidal hermit crab Clibanarius virescens (Krauss, 1843) (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) |url=https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/40/4/488/5868759 |journal=Journal of Crustacean Biology |language=en |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=488 |doi=10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa039 |issn=0278-0372|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Many fish species can live in tidepools. Tidepool fishes are those inhabiting the intertidal zone during part or the entirety of their life cycle, including residents displaying morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations to withstand the fluctuating environment and non-residents that use the intertidal as juvenile habitat, feeding or refuge ground, or as transient space between nearshore areas.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last1=Gibson |first1=R. N. |title=13 - Intertidal Fish Communities |date=1999-01-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123560407500147 |work=Intertidal Fishes |pages=264–296 |editor-last=Horn |editor-first=Michael H. |access-date=2023-12-18 |place=San Diego |publisher=Academic Press |doi=10.1016/b978-012356040-7/50014-7 |isbn=978-0-12-356040-7 |last2=Yoshiyama |first2=R. M. |editor2-last=Martin |editor2-first=Karen L. M. |editor3-last=Chotkowski |editor3-first=Michael A.|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Andrades |first1=Ryan |last2=González-Murcia |first2=Saúl |last3=Buser |first3=Thaddaeus J. |last4=Macieira |first4=Raphael M. |last5=Andrade |first5=Juliana M. |last6=Pinheiro |first6=Hudson T. |last7=Vilar |first7=Ciro C. |last8=Pimentel |first8=Caio R. |last9=Gasparini |first9=João L. |last10=Quintão |first10=Thaís L. |last11=Machado |first11=Fabíola S. |last12=Castellanos-Galindo |first12=Gustavo |last13=Ruiz-Campos |first13=Gorgonio |last14=Ojeda |first14=F. Patricio |last15=Martin |first15=Karen L. |date=2023-12-01 |title=Ecology, evolution and conservation of tidepool fishes of the Americas |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-023-09798-z |journal=Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries |language=en |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=1263–1290 |doi=10.1007/s11160-023-09798-z |bibcode=2023RFBF...33.1263A |issn=1573-5184|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Tidepools fishes can be classified as residents and non-residents (sometimes called transients or visitors).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Horn |first1=Michael H. |last2=Martin |first2=Karen L. M. |last3=Chotkowski |first3=Michael A. |date=1999 |title=Intertidal Fishes: life in two worlds |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-356040-7.X5000-8 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-356040-7.x5000-8 |isbn=978-0-12-356040-7 |via=Academic Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Thomson |first1=Donald A. |last2=Lehner |first2=Charles E. |date=1976-04-01 |title=Resilience of a rocky intertidal fish community in a physically unstable environment |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981%2876%2990106-4 |journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–29 |doi=10.1016/0022-0981(76)90106-4 |bibcode=1976JEMBE..22....1T |issn=0022-0981|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Residents are those that spend the whole lifetime in the tidepools.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Almada |first1=Vítor C. |last2=Faria |first2=Cláudia |date=2004-06-01 |title=Temporal variation of rocky intertidal resident fish assemblages - patterns and possible mechanisms with a note on sampling protocols |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-004-6750-7 |journal=Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=239–250 |doi=10.1007/s11160-004-6750-7 |bibcode=2004RFBF...14..239A |issn=1573-5184|hdl=10400.12/1509 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Non-resident species are commonly divided into two groups: secondary residents (also known as partial residents or opportunists) and transients (which can be further classified as tidal and seasonal transients). Secondary residents are species that spend only a portion of their life history in tidepools, typically during their juvenile stage, before moving on to adult subtidal habitats.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Transients, on the other hand, may temporarily inhabit tidepools for various reasons such as foraging, seeking refuge, or transit. Unlike residents, transients lack specialized adaptations for intertidal life and typically occupy large tidepools for a relatively short period, ranging from a single tidal cycle to a few months.<ref name=":3" /> The [[Tidepool sculpin]] is a species of fish that is named for its tide pool habitat. The Tidepool Sculpin has been found to show preferences for certain tide pools and will return to their tide pool of choice after being removed from it.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Green |first=John M. |date=1971-03-01 |title=High Tide Movements and Homing Behaviour of the Tidepool Sculpin Oligocottus maculosus |url=http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/f71-051 |journal=Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada |language=en |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=383–389 |doi=10.1139/f71-051 |issn=0015-296X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This is a behavior known as [[Homing (biology)]]. These fish crawl on the floor of tide pools using a back and forth movement of their tail fin and a rotating motion of their pectoral fins.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bressman |first1=Noah R. |last2=Gibb |first2=Alice C. |last3=Farina |first3=Stacy C. |date=December 2018 |title=A walking behavior generates functional overland movements in the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0944200618301223 |journal=Zoology |language=en |volume=131 |pages=20–28 |doi=10.1016/j.zool.2018.10.003|pmid=30502824 |bibcode=2018Zool..131...20B |s2cid=54486846 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Multiple species of Amphipods ([[Amphipoda]]) can be found in coastal tide pools. These small crustaceans provide an important food source for predator species as well as limiting the growth of algae attached to vegetation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Carvalho |first1=Jessica |last2=Mendonça |first2=Vanessa |last3=Vinagre |first3=Catarina |last4=Silva |first4=Ana |date=June 2021 |title=Environmental factors impacting the abundance and distribution of amphipods in intertidal rock pools |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1385110121000411 |journal=Journal of Sea Research |language=en |volume=172 |pages=102035 |doi=10.1016/j.seares.2021.102035|bibcode=2021JSR...17202035C |s2cid=234822803 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>