Editing Timeline of historic inventions (section)

===Neolithic and Late Mesolithic===
{{further|Outline of prehistoric technology}}
During the Neolithic period, lasting 8400 years, stone began to be used for construction, and remained a predominant hard material for toolmaking. Copper and arsenic bronze were developed towards the end of this period, and of course the use of many softer materials such as wood, bone, and fibers continued. Domestication spread both in the sense of how many species were domesticated, and how widespread the practice became.
* '''10,000 BC – 9000 BC:''' [[Agriculture]] in the [[Fertile Crescent]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/farming-was-so-nice-it-was-invented-least-twice|title=Farming Was So Nice, It Was Invented at Least Twice|date=4 July 2013|website=sciencemag.org|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/development-of-agriculture/|title=The Development of Agriculture|website=nationalgeographic.com|access-date=26 March 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414142437/https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/development-of-agriculture/|archive-date=14 April 2016}}</ref>
* '''10,000 BC – 9000 BC:''' [[Domestication of the sheep|Domestication of sheep]] in [[Southwest Asia]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Krebs, Robert E. |author2=Carolyn A. |name-list-style=amp | title=Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World | location=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Press | year=2003 | isbn=0-313-31342-3}}</ref><ref name="storey">{{cite book |title=Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep |last=Simmons |first=Paula |author2=Carol Ekarius |year=2001 |publisher=Storey Publishing LLC |location=North Adams, MA |isbn=978-1-58017-262-2}}</ref> (followed shortly by pigs, goats and cattle)
* '''9500 BC – 9000 BC:''' [[List of oldest extant buildings|Oldest known surviving building]] – [[Göbekli Tepe]], in [[Turkey]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Curry |first=Andrew |title=Gobekli Tepe: The World's First Temple? |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/gobekli-tepe-the-worlds-first-temple-83613665/ |access-date=26 March 2018 |website=smithsonianmag.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clare |first=Lee |date=2020 |title=Göbekli Tepe, Turkey. A brief summary of research at a new World Heritage Site (2015–2019) |url=https://publications.dainst.org/journals/index.php/efb/article/view/2596 |journal=E-Forschungsberichte |language=en |pages=§ 1–13 |doi=10.34780/EFB.V0I2.1012 |issn=2198-7734}}</ref>
* '''9000 BC – 6000 BC:''' [[Domestication of rice]] in [[China]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zhijun|first=Zhao|title=The Middle Yangtze region in China is one place where rice was domesticated: phytolith evidence from the Diaotonghuan Cave, Northern Jiangxi|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/the-middle-yangtze-region-in-china-is-one-place-where-rice-was-domesticated-phytolith-evidence-from-the-diaotonghuan-cave-northern-jiangxi/4C67F92E1BC56E14C93DAFE0B7F81FD9|journal=Antiquity|volume=72|issue=278|pages=885–897|doi=10.1017/s0003598x00087524|year=1998|s2cid=161495218|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* '''9000 BC:''' [[Mudbrick]]s (unfired bricks), and clay [[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]] in [[Jericho]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tellier|first=Luc-Normand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&q=jericho+9000+bc+bricks&pg=PA37|title=Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective|date=2009|publisher=PUQ|isbn=978-2-7605-2209-1|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Artioli|first=G.|date=2019|title=The Vitruvian legacy: mortars and binders before and after the Roman world|url=https://www.minersoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/emu-20-04_Art.pdf|publisher=European Mineralogical Union|isbn=978-0903056-61-8|volume=20|pages=151–202}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/1285495 |title=Bricks and urbanism in the Indus Valley rise and decline |author=Aurangzeb Khan |author2=Carsten Lemmen |access-date=16 February 2013 |website=Academia|year=2013 |arxiv=1303.1426 }}</ref>
* '''8400 BC:''' Oldest known water [[well]] in [[Cyprus]].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news |date=25 June 2009 |title=Stone Age wells found in Cyprus |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8118318.stm |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005060232/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8118318.stm |archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref>
* '''8040–7510 BC:''' The [[Pesse canoe]] is the oldest boat we have found,<ref>{{cite news |agency=ANP |date=12 April 2001 |title=Oudste bootje ter wereld kon werkelijk varen |language=nl |work=Leeuwarder Courant |url=http://www.archeoforum.nl/Pesse10.html |access-date=10 April 2025}}</ref> while early human habitation of Crete and Australia make clear human seafaring goes back tens or hundreds of thousands of years. (see above)
* '''8000–7500 BC:''' [[Proto-city]] – large permanent settlements, such as [[Tell es-Sultan|Tell es-Sultan (Jericho)]] and [[Çatalhöyük]], Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://citiesnow.in/blog/2015/07/09/worlds-ever-first-know-town-catalhuyuk/ |title=World's ever first known town – Catalhuyuk &#124; Cities Now |access-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118111308/http://citiesnow.in/blog/2015/07/09/worlds-ever-first-know-town-catalhuyuk/ |archive-date=18 November 2015}}</ref>
* '''8000–5000 BC:''' Domestication of [[potatoes]], in southern [[Peru]] and northwestern [[Bolivia]] by pre-Columbian farmers, around [[Lake Titicaca]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Spooner |first1=David M. |last2=McLean |first2=Karen |last3=Ramsay |first3=Gavin |last4=Waugh |first4=Robbie |last5=Bryan |first5=Glenn J. |date=29 September 2005 |title=A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |pmid=16203994 |volume=102 |issue=41 |pmc=1253605 |pages=14694–14699 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0507400102 |bibcode=2005PNAS..10214694S |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Office of International Affairs |title=Lost Crops of the Incas: Little-Known Plants of the Andes with Promise for Worldwide Cultivation |date=1989 |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=030904264X&page=92 |isbn=978-0-309-04264-2 |page=92 |doi=10.17226/1398}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=John Michael Francis |title=Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History : a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia |publisher =ABC-CLIO |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OMNoS-g1h8cC&pg=PA867 |isbn=978-1-85109-421-9 |page=867}}</ref> 
* '''7000 BC:''' [[Ethanol fermentation#Alcoholic beverages|Alcohol fermentation]] – specifically [[mead]], in China<ref>{{cite journal|title=Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China|first1=Patrick E.|last1=McGovern|first2=Juzhong|last2=Zhang|first3=Jigen|last3=Tang|first4=Zhiqing|last4=Zhang|first5=Gretchen R.|last5=Hall|first6=Robert A.|last6=Moreau|first7=Alberto|last7=Nuñez|first8=Eric D.|last8=Butrym|first9=Michael P.|last9=Richards|first10=Chen-shan|last10=Wang|first11=Guangsheng|last11=Cheng|first12=Zhijun|last12=Zhao|first13=Changsui|last13=Wang|date=21 December 2004|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=101|issue=51|pages=17593–17598|doi=10.1073/pnas.0407921102|pmid=15590771|pmc=539767|bibcode=2004PNAS..10117593M|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* '''7000 BC:''' [[Sled dog]] and [[Dog sled]], in Siberia.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Earliest evidence for dog breeding found on remote Siberian island|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/earliest-evidence-dog-breeding-found-remote-siberian-island|last1=Grimm |first1=David |date=26 May 2017|magazine=Science |language=en|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref>
* '''7000 BC – 3300 BC:''' [[Tanning (leather)|Tanned leather]] in [[Mehrgarh]], Pakistan.<ref>Possehl, Gregory L. (1996). ''Mehrgarh'' in ''Oxford Companion to Archaeology'', edited by Brian Fagan. Oxford University Press.</ref>
* '''6500 BC:''' Evidence of [[lead smelting]] in [[Çatalhöyük]], [[Turkey]]<ref>{{cite journal|title = A Model for the Adoption of Metallurgy in the Ancient Middle East|last = Heskel|first= Dennis L.|journal = Current Anthropology|volume = 24|issue = 3|date = 1983|pages = 362–366|doi = 10.1086/203007|s2cid = 144332393}}</ref>
* '''6000 BC:''' [[Kiln]] in [[Mesopotamia]] (Iraq)<ref name="Bienkowski">{{cite book|author1=Piotr Bienkowski|author2=Alan Millard|title=Dictionary of the Ancient Near East|date=15 April 2010|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-2115-2|page=233}}</ref>
* '''6th millennium BC:''' [[Irrigation]] in [[Khuzestan Province|Khuzistan]], [[Iran]]<ref>
{{cite book
 | last1 = Flannery
 | first1 = Kent V.
 | author-link1 = Kent V. Flannery
 | year = 1969
 | chapter = Origins and ecological effects of early domestication in Iran and the Near East
 | editor1-last = Ucko
 | editor1-first = Peter John
 | editor1-link = Peter John Ucko
 | editor2-last = Dimbleby
 | editor2-first = G. W.
 | title = The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals
 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6lY9Q4vnrCEC
 | location = New Brunswick, New Jersey
 | publisher = Transaction Publishers
 | publication-date = 2007
 | page = 89
 | isbn = 9780202365572
 | access-date = 12 January 2019
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite book
 | last1 = Lawton
 | first1 = H. W.
 | last2 = Wilke
 | first2 = P. J.
 | year = 1979
 | chapter = Ancient Agricultural Systems in Dry Regions of the Old World
 | editor1-last = Hall
 | editor1-first = A. E.
 | editor2-last = Cannell
 | editor2-first = G. H.
 | editor3-last = Lawton
 | editor3-first = H.W.
 | title = Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments
 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e67tCAAAQBAJ
 | series = Ecological Studies
 | volume = 34
 | edition = reprint
 | location = Berlin
 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media
 | publication-date = 2012
 | page = 13
 | isbn = 9783642673283
 | access-date = 12 January 2019
}}
</ref>
* '''6000 BC – 3200 BC:''' [[Proto-writing]] in present-day Egypt, Iraq, Romania, China, India and Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite journal|jstor=40698264|language=en|title=The Oldest Writings, and Inventory Tags of Egypt|last1=Mattessich|first1=Richard|journal=The Accounting Historians Journal|year=2002|volume=29|issue=1|pages=195–208|doi=10.2308/0148-4184.29.1.195|s2cid=160704269 |url=http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/cont/article/view/25609|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* '''5900 – 5600 BC:''' Oldest evidence of [[salt production]] found in Southeastern Europe, in the countries of [[Moldova]] and [[Romania]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harding |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_4TAgAAQBAJ&dq=world%27s+oldest+salt+cucuteni&pg=PA44 |title=Salt in Prehistoric Europe |date=2013 |publisher=Sidestone press |isbn=978-90-8890-201-7 |location=Leiden |pages=44 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''5500 – 5200 BC:''' Oldest evidence of [[cheese]] found, in [[Poland]] and on the [[Dalmatia|Dalmatian coast]] of [[Croatia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Subbaraman |first=Nidhi |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Art of cheese-making is 7,500 years old |url=http://www.nature.com/news/art-of-cheese-making-is-7-500-years-old-1.12020 |url-status=live |journal=Nature News |doi=10.1038/nature.2012.12020 |s2cid=180646880 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111103000/http://www.nature.com/news/art-of-cheese-making-is-7-500-years-old-1.12020 |archive-date=January 11, 2013 |access-date=December 12, 2012|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McClure |first1=Sarah B. |last2=Magill |first2=Clayton |last3=Podrug |first3=Emil |last4=Moore |first4=Andrew M. T. |last5=Harper |first5=Thomas K. |last6=Culleton |first6=Brendan J. |last7=Kennett |first7=Douglas J. |last8=Freeman |first8=Katherine H. |date=2018-09-05 |title=Fatty acid specific δ13C values reveal earliest Mediterranean cheese production 7,200 years ago |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=e0202807 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1302807M |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0202807 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=6124750 |pmid=30183735 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* '''5500 BC:''' [[Sailing]] - pottery depictions of sail boats, in [[Mesopotamia]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carter |first=Robert |date=8 December 2012 |title=The Neolithic origins of seafaring in the Arabian Gulf |url=https://scienceopen.com/document?vid=478c51b0-5235-43f4-8d95-5385202b8bce |journal=Archaeology International |volume=6 |doi=10.5334/ai.0613 |issn=2048-4194|doi-access=free }}</ref> and later [[ancient Egypt]]<ref>{{cite web |author=[[John Coleman Darnell]] |year=2006 |title=The Wadi of the Horus Qa-a: A Tableau of Royal Ritual Power in the Theban Western Desert |url=http://www.yale.edu/egyptology/ae_alamat_wadi_horus.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201053044/http://www.yale.edu/egyptology/ae_alamat_wadi_horus.htm |archive-date=1 February 2011 |access-date=24 August 2010 |publisher=[[Yale University]]}}</ref><ref name="johnstone">The sea-craft of prehistory, p76, by Paul Johnstone, Routledge, 1980</ref>
* '''5000 BC:''' [[Smelting#Copper and bronze|Copper smelting]] in [[Serbia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Radivojević |first1=Miljana |last2=Rehren |first2=Thilo |last3=Pernicka |first3=Ernst |last4=Šljivar |first4=Dušan |last5=Brauns |first5=Michael |last6=Borić |first6=Dušan |date=2010 |title=On the origins of extractive metallurgy: new evidence from Europe |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305440310001986 |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |language=en |volume=37 |issue=11 |pages=2775–2787 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.012|bibcode=2010JArSc..37.2775R |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Radivojević |first1=Miljana |last2=Roberts |first2=Benjamin W. |date=2021 |title=Early Balkan Metallurgy: Origins, Evolution and Society, 6200–3700 BC |journal=Journal of World Prehistory |language=en |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=195–278 |doi=10.1007/s10963-021-09155-7 |issn=0892-7537|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* '''5000 BC:''' [[Seawall]] in [[Tel Hreiz]], near Haifa, Israel.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Galili |first1=Ehud |last2=Benjamin |first2=Jonathan |last3=Eshed |first3=Vered |last4=Rosen |first4=Baruch |last5=McCarthy |first5=John |last6=Horwitz |first6=Liora Kolska |date=2019-12-18 |title=A submerged 7000-year-old village and seawall demonstrate earliest known coastal defence against sea-level rise |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=14 |issue=12 |pages=e0222560 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0222560 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=6919572 |pmid=31851675 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1422560G }}</ref>
* '''5th millennium BC:''' [[Lacquer]] in China<ref>{{cite book| last=Li| first=Li| title=China's Cultural Relics| year=2011| publisher=Cambridge University Press| location=Cambridge| isbn=9780521186568| pages=[https://archive.org/details/chinasculturalre0000lili_b4j8/page/139 139–140]| edition=3rd| url=https://archive.org/details/chinasculturalre0000lili_b4j8/page/139}}</ref><ref>Loewe (1968), 170–171</ref>
* '''5000 BC:''' [[Cotton]] thread, in [[Mehrgarh]], Pakistan, connecting the copper beads of a bracelet.<ref name="Mithen2006">{{citation|last=Mithen|first=Steven|title=After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000-5000 BC|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NVygmardAA4C&pg=PA411|year=2006|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-01999-7|pages=411–412}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1006/jasc.2001.0779| title = First Evidence of Cotton at Neolithic Mehrgarh, Pakistan: Analysis of Mineralized Fibres from a Copper Bead| journal = Journal of Archaeological Science| volume = 29| issue = 12| pages = 1393–1401| year = 2002| last1 = Moulherat | first1 = C. | last2 = Tengberg | first2 = M. | last3 = Haquet | first3 = J. R. M. F. | last4 = Mille | first4 = B. ̂T.| bibcode = 2002JArSc..29.1393M}}</ref><ref name="JIAPAN2018">{{cite journal|last1=JIA|first1=Yinhua|last2=PAN|first2=Zhaoe|last3=HE|first3=Shoupu|last4=GONG|first4=Wenfang|last5=GENG|first5=Xiaoli|last6=PANG|first6=Baoyin|last7=WANG|first7=Liru|last8=DU|first8=Xiongming|title=Genetic diversity and population structure of Gossypium arboreum L. collected in China|journal=Journal of Cotton Research|volume=1|issue=1|year=2018|page=11 |issn=2523-3254|doi=10.1186/s42397-018-0011-0|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018JCotR...1...11J }}</ref>
* '''5000 BC – 4500 BC:''' [[Oar|Rowing oars]] in China<ref>Deng, Gang. (1997). ''Chinese Maritime Activities and Socioeconomic Development, c. 2100 B.C.–1900 A.D.'' Westport: Greenwood Press. {{ISBN|0-313-29212-4}}, p. 22.</ref><ref name="Stark">{{cite book|author=Miriam T. Stark|title=Archaeology of Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4_bT2SJ-HUC&pg=PA130|access-date=5 October 2012|date=15 April 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-5303-4|page=130}}</ref>
* '''4500 BC – 3500 BC:''' [[Lost-wax casting]] in [[Palestine]]<ref name="Muhly">{{citation |last=Muhly |first=J.D. |title=The Beginnings of Metallurgy in the Old World}}. In {{harvnb|Maddin|1988}}</ref> or the [[Indus Valley]]<ref>Thoury, M.; et al. (2016). "High spatial dynamics-photoluminescence imaging reveals the metallurgy of the earliest lost-wax cast object". Nature Communications. 7. doi:10.1038/ncomms13356.</ref>
* '''4400 BC:''' [[Brick#Fired brick|Fired bricks]] in China.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n00CnC84MIcC|title=Water Civilization: From Yangtze to Khmer Civilizations|author=Yoshinori Yasuda|pages=30–31|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2012|isbn=9784431541103}}</ref>
* '''4000 BC:''' Probable time period of the first diamond-mines in the world, in Southern India.<ref name=hershey>
{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=35eij1e1al8C&pg=PA23
 |last=Hershey |first=W.
 |title=The Book of Diamonds
 |publisher=Hearthside Press
 |location=New York
 |year=1940
 |pages=22–28
 |isbn=978-1-4179-7715-4
}}</ref>
* '''4000 BC:''' Paved [[roads]], in and around the Mesopotamian city of [[Ur]], Iraq.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Beazley|first1=Robert E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWgpDwAAQBAJ&q=paved+road+ur+mesopotamia+bce&pg=PA5|title=Himalayan Mobilities: An Exploration of the Impact of Expanding Rural Road Networks on Social and Ecological Systems in the Nepalese Himalaya|last2=Lassoie|first2=James P.|date=22 June 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-55757-1|language=en}}</ref>
* '''4000 BC:''' [[Plumbing]]. The earliest pipes were made of clay, and are found at the Temple of Bel at Nippur in Babylonia.<ref>{{cite book |last = Eslamian |first = Saeid |title = Handbook of Engineering Hydrology: Environmental Hydrology and Water Management, Book 3 |year = 2014 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=USXcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA168 |location = Boca Raton |publisher = CRC Press |page = 168 |isbn = 9781466552500}}.</ref>{{efn|Earthen pipes were later used in the Indus Valley c. 2700 BC for a city-scale urban drainage system,<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Teresi| first1 = Dick| author-link = Dick Teresi| title = Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science--from the Babylonians to the Maya| publisher = Simon & Schuster| year = 2002| location = New York| pages = [https://archive.org/details/lostdiscoveriesa00tere/page/351 351–352]| isbn = 0-684-83718-8| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/lostdiscoveriesa00tere/page/351}}</ref> and more durable copper drainage pipes appeared in Egypt, by the time of the construction of the [[Pyramid of Sahure#Drainage system|Pyramid of Sahure]] at [[Abusir]], c.2400 BCE.<ref name="Bunson 6">{{Cite book|last=Bunson|first=Margaret|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6EJ0G-4jyoC&q=Abusir+copper+pipe+ancient+egypt&pg=PA6|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt|date=14 May 2014|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0997-8|pages=6|language=en}}</ref>}}
* '''4000 BC:''' Oldest evidence of [[Lock and key|locks]], the earliest example discovered in the ruins of [[Nineveh]], the capital of ancient [[Assyria]].<ref>{{cite book|last=de Vries, N. Cross and D. P. Grant|first=M. J.|title=Design Methodology and Relationships with Science: Introduction|year=1992|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|location=Eindhoven|page=32|isbn=9780792321910|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4T8U_J1h7noC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024091334/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4T8U_J1h7noC|archive-date=2016-10-24}}</ref>
* '''4000 BC – 3400 BC:''' Oldest evidence of [[wheel]]s, found in the countries of [[Ukraine]], [[Poland]], and [[Germany]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandler |first=Graham |date=2017 |title=Why Reinvent the Wheel? |url=https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/July-2017/Why-Reinvent-the-Wheel |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=[[Aramco World]]}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Standage |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Standage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoQWEAAAQBAJ&dq=wheel+originated+eastern+europe&pg=PA2 |title=A Brief History of Motion: From the Wheel, to the Car, to What Comes Next |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-63557-361-9 |location=New York |pages=2–5 |language=en |oclc=on1184237267}}</ref>
* '''3630 BC:''' Silk garments ([[sericulture]]) in China<ref name="Schoeser">{{cite book|author=Mary Schoeser|title=Silk|date=28 May 2007|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-11741-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/silk00scho/page/18 18]|url=https://archive.org/details/silk00scho/page/18}}</ref>
* '''3500 BC:''' Probable first [[domestication of the horse]] in the Eurasian Steppes.<ref>Matossian ''Shaping World History'' p. 43</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imh.org/exhibits/online/what-we-theorize-when-and-where-domestication-occurred |title=What We Theorize – When and Where Domestication Occurred |access-date=27 January 2015 |work=International Museum of the Horse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719000140/http://www.imh.org/exhibits/online/what-we-theorize-when-and-where-domestication-occurred |archive-date=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite news |title=Horsey-aeology, Binary Black Holes, Tracking Red Tides, Fish Re-evolution, Walk Like a Man, Fact or Fiction |url=http://www.cbc.ca/quirks/episode/2009/03/07/horsey-aeology-binary-black-holes-tracking-red-tides-fish-re-evolution-walk-like-a-man-fact-or-ficti/|work=Quirks and Quarks Podcast with Bob Macdonald |publisher= [[CBC Radio]] |date=7 March 2009|access-date=18 September 2010}}</ref>
* '''3500 BC:''' Wine as [[general anaesthesia]] in Sumer.<ref name="Powell1996">{{cite book |title=The Origins and Ancient History of Wine |series=Food and Nutrition in History and Anthropology |edition=1 |volume=11 |chapter=9: Wine and the vine in ancient Mesopotamia: the cuneiform evidence |pages=96–124 |author=Powell MA |veditors=McGovern PE, Fleming SJ, Katz SH |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Amsterdam |year=2004 |isbn=9780203392836 |issn=0275-5769 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aXX2UcT_yw8C&q=Wine+and+the+vine+in+ancient+Mesopotamia:+the+cuneiform+evidence&pg=PA97 |access-date=15 September 2010}}</ref>
* '''3500 BC:''' [[Seal (emblem)]] invented around in the [[Near East]], at the contemporary sites of [[Uruk]] in southern [[Mesopotamia]] and slightly later at [[Susa]] in south-western [[Iran]] during the [[Proto-Elamite (period)|Proto-Elamite period]], and they follow the development of [[stamp seal]]s in the [[Halaf culture]] or slightly earlier.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Brian A. |last2=Feldman |first2=Marian H. |title=Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art |date=2013 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=9781614510352 |page=304 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4DoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA304 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''3500 BC:''' [[Ploughing]], on a site in [[Bubeneč]], Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institute of Archeology of CAS report |url=http://www.arup.cas.cz/?p=12517 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829000325/http://www.arup.cas.cz/?p=12517 |archive-date=29 August 2018 |access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> Evidence, c. 2800 BC, has also been found at [[Kalibangan]], Indus Valley (modern-day India).<ref name="lal-ivc">B. B. Lal, ''India 1947–1997: New Light on the Indus Civilization''</ref>
* '''3400 BC – 3100 BC:''' [[Tattoo]]s in southern Europe<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deter-Wolf|first1=Aaron|last2=Robitaille|first2=Benoît|last3=Krutak|first3=Lars|last4=Galliot|first4=Sébastien|title=The World's Oldest Tattoos|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports|volume=5|pages=19–24|date=February 2016|doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007|bibcode=2016JArSR...5...19D |s2cid=162580662 |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01227846/file/OldestTattoos.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Deter-Wolf|first=Aaron|title=It's official: Ötzi the Iceman has the oldest tattoos in the world|publisher=RedOrbit.com|date=11 November 2015|url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1113410697/its-official-otzi-the-iceman-has-the-oldest-tattoos-in-the-world-111115/|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>