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Timeline of luminiferous aether
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===Debate slows=== : 1955 – [[R. S. Shankland]], [[S. W. McCuskey]], [[F. C. Leone]], and [[G. Kuerti]] performed an analysis of Miller's results and explained them as stemming from systematic errors (Shankland's explanation is now widely accepted). : 1958 – Cedarholm, Havens, and Townes use two [[maser]]s frequency locked to each other and send the light in two directions. They receive the null result. The experiment is not as precise as earlier light-based MMX experiments, but demonstrates a novel setup that would become much more accurate in the future. : 1964 – Jaseja, Javan, Murray and Townes repeat the earlier experiment with newer and much more precise masers. : 1969 – Shamir and Fox repeat the MMX experiment with the "arms" in [[acrylic glass]] waveguides and a highly stable [[laser]] as the source. The experiment should detect a shift as small as ~0.00003 of a fringe, and none is measured. : 1972 – R. S. Shankland admits he would not likely have given the effort to question Dayton Miller's work had it not been for Albert Einstein's "interest and encouragement." : 1973 – Trimmer finds a null result in a triangular interferometer with one leg in glass. : 1977 – Brecher repeats Zurhellen's experiment with binary pulsars, showing no difference in light speed to 2*10<sup>−9</sup> : 1979 Brillet and Hall use the Townes setup with highly accurate lasers, demonstrating no drift to 3 parts in 10<sup>15</sup>. The experiment also demonstrates a leftover 17 Hz signal, but the authors assume it is linked to the laboratory. : 1984 – Torr and Kolen find a cyclic phase shift between two [[atomic clock]]s, but the distance between is relatively short (0.5 km) and they are clocks of the less-precise rubidium type : 1988 – Gagnon et al. measure one way light speed and detect no anisotropy : 1990 – Hils and Hall repeat the Kennedy–Thorndike experiment with lasers, taking measurements over the period of a year. They find no shifting in 2 10<sup>−13</sup> : Krisher et al., Phys. Rev. D, 42, No. 2, pp. 731–734, (1990) use two hydrogen masers fixed to the earth and separated by a 21 km fiber-optic link to look for variations in the phase between them. They put an upper limit on the one-way linear anisotropy of 100 m/s. : 1991 – Over a six-month period, Roland DeWitte finds, over a 1.5 km underground [[coaxial cable]], a cyclic component in the phase drift between higher-precision caesium-beam clocks on more-or-less the same [[meridian (geography)|meridian]]; the period equals the [[sidereal day]] <sub>[http://www.lns.cornell.edu/spr/1998-12/msg0013719.html][https://web.archive.org/web/20040720192121/http://www.scieng.flinders.edu.au/cpes/people/cahill_r/HPS16.pdf]</sub> : 2003 – Holger Mueller and Achim Peters carry out a ''Modern Michelson–Morley Experiment using Cryogenic Optical Resonators'' at Humboldt University, Berlin. They find no shifting in 10<sup>−15</sup> <sub>[http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v91/e020401]</sub>
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