Editing Traffic congestion (section)

==Negative impacts==
{{Original research|section|date=January 2017}}
[[File:Traffic jam on bole rode Addis Abeba.jpg|thumb|A traffic jam on Bole Road in [[Addis Ababa]]]]
Traffic congestion has a number of negative effects:
* Wasting time of motorists and passengers ("[[opportunity cost]]"). As a non-productive activity for most people, congestion reduces regional economic health.
* Delays, which may result in late arrival for employment, meetings, and education, resulting in lost business, disciplinary action or other personal losses.
* Inability to forecast travel time accurately, leading to drivers allocating more time to travel "just in case", and less time on productive activities.
* Wasted fuel increasing [[air pollution]] and [[greenhouse gas|carbon dioxide emissions]] owing to increased idling, acceleration and braking.
* Wear and tear on vehicles as a result of idling in traffic and frequent acceleration and braking, leading to more frequent repairs and replacements.
* Stressed and frustrated motorists, encouraging [[road rage]] and reduced health of motorists
* Emergencies: blocked traffic may interfere with the passage of emergency vehicles traveling to their destinations where they are urgently needed.
* [[Spillover effect]] from congested main arteries to secondary roads and side streets as alternative routes are attempted ('[[rat running]]'), which may affect neighborhood [[amenity]] and [[real estate]] prices.
* Higher chance of collisions due to tight spacing and constant stopping-and-going.

===Road rage===
[[Road rage]] is aggressive or angry behavior by a driver of an automobile or other motor vehicle. Such behavior might include rude gestures, verbal insults, deliberately driving in an unsafe or threatening manner, or making threats. Road rage can lead to altercations, assaults, and collisions which result in injuries and even deaths. It can be thought of as an extreme case of [[aggressive driving]].[[File:Female Street Sellers Accra 12.jpg|thumb|An example of the traffic situation in Accra, Ghana, increasing carbon emission in the air|257x257px]]The term originated in the United States in 1987–1988 (specifically, from Newscasters at [[KTLA]], a local television station), when a rash of freeway shootings occurred on the 405, 110 and 10 freeways in Los Angeles, California. These shooting sprees even spawned a response from the AAA Motor Club to its members on how to respond to drivers with road rage or aggressive maneuvers and gestures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/303700.html|title="Road rage" meaning and origin, Phrases.org.uk|access-date=October 5, 2014|archive-date=June 21, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621083855/http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/303700.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Economic loss ===
[[File:Costs of Congestion and Parking Search.png|thumb|300px|Costs of congestion and parking search]]{{Expand section|date=December 2019}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Area
!Loss in billions
!Note
|-
|[[United States|US]]
|$305 <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/gridlock-woes-traffic-congestion-by-the-numbers/519959/|title=Gridlock woes: Traffic congestion by the numbers|work=Smart Cities Dive|access-date=March 28, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=March 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328170147/https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/gridlock-woes-traffic-congestion-by-the-numbers/519959/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Rahim |first=Zamira |title=Here's How Much Sitting In Traffic Is Costing You |language=en |website=Money.com |url=https://money.com/traffic-los-angeles-driving/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824191107/https://money.com/traffic-los-angeles-driving/ |archive-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|[[United Kingdom|UK]]
|$52.01 
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newburghgazette.com/2018/02/06/congestion-costs-united-kingdom-almost-40bn-a-year-report/|title=Home|website=newburghgazette.com|language=en|access-date=March 28, 2018|archive-date=March 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231050/http://newburghgazette.com/2018/02/06/congestion-costs-united-kingdom-almost-40bn-a-year-report/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[New York City|NYC]]
|$33.7
|
|-
|[[Los Angeles|LA]]
|$19.2
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/530705/heres-how-much-traffic-congestion-costs-worlds-biggest-cities|title=Here's How Much Traffic Congestion Costs the World's Biggest Cities|date=February 11, 2018|access-date=March 28, 2018|language=en|archive-date=March 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328164742/http://mentalfloss.com/article/530705/heres-how-much-traffic-congestion-costs-worlds-biggest-cities|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Metro Manila|Manila]]
|$18.615 
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.imoney.ph/articles/the-cost-of-traffic-in-metro-manila/|title=Find Out What's The Cost of Traffic In Metro Manila |last=Isla|first=Rouselle|date=May 26, 2016|work=iMoney.ph|access-date=March 28, 2018 |language=en-US|archive-date=March 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328164843/https://www.imoney.ph/articles/the-cost-of-traffic-in-metro-manila/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bangladesh]]
|$11.4
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/society/traffic-jam-the-ugly-side-dhakas-development-1575355?amp|title=Traffic jam: The ugly side of Dhaka's development|date=May 13, 2018|work=The Daily Star|access-date=May 14, 2018|language=en|archive-date=May 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515183626/https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/society/traffic-jam-the-ugly-side-dhakas-development-1575355?amp|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[San Francisco|SF]]
|$10.6
|
|-
|[[Atlanta]]
|$7.1 
|
|-
|[[Jakarta]]
|$5
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/10/06/jakarta-foots-us5b-annual-bill-for-traffic-jams-minister.html|title=Jakarta foots US$5b annual bill for traffic jams: Minister|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=March 28, 2018|language=en|archive-date=March 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328165501/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/10/06/jakarta-foots-us5b-annual-bill-for-traffic-jams-minister.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Dhaka]]
|$4.463
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/colossal-loss-1553002|title=Colossal loss|date=March 25, 2018|work=The Daily Star|access-date=March 28, 2018|language=en|archive-date=March 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327140846/http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/colossal-loss-1553002|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area|GTHA]]
|$3.3
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/regionalplanning/costsofcongestion/costs_congestion.aspx|title=Costs of Congestion|website=www.metrolinx.com|language=en|access-date=March 28, 2018|archive-date=March 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231027/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/regionalplanning/costsofcongestion/costs_congestion.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}