Editing Turbo-Hydramatic (section)

==<span id="700R4"></span> THM700R4 / 4L60 / 4L60E / 4L65E / 4L70E==
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{{see also|GM 4L60-E transmission}}
<!-- This section is linked from [[Holden VN Commodore]]. See [[WP:MOS#Section management]] -->
The four-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 700R4 was introduced for the 1982 [[model year]] for use in Chevrolet/GMC vehicles.

In 1990, the Turbo Hydra-Matic 700R4 was renamed the '''4L60'''. Under the new designation, the "4" stands for the number of forward gears, the "L" for longitudinal applications (rear-wheel-drive), and the "60" is the strength rating (less than the 4L80). "60" is the relative torque value. For example, 80 is stronger than 60, which is stronger than 40, etc. A 4L80-E can handle more torque than a 4L60-E. The "E" denotes electronically controlled shifting. The 4L60 however is hydraulically shifted based on governor pressure and throttle valve (TV) cable position. 1992 was the last year of widespread usage of the 700R4 (4L60). The 1993 Camaro, Corvette and Typhoon were equipped with the last production 700R4. The last design change of the 700R4 was an added checkball to the valve body. In 1992 electronic controls were added, and it became the [[GM 4L60-E transmission|4L60-E]]. The 4L60E is not easily swapped with the 4L60, as the 4L60E depends on a powertrain control module (PCM) to shift.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.700r4transmissionhq.com|title=700R4 Transmission Resource|website=700R4 Transmission Resource|access-date=2016-06-27}}</ref>  The 4L60E went into service in trucks, vans, and SUVs in 1993 and in all RWD passenger cars (Corvette, F and B/D bodies) in 1994. In 2001, an updated version — the 4L65-E, was introduced. Five-pinion planetaries, along with a strength-improved output shaft, were improved to withstand the 300+&nbsp;lb·ft (400+&nbsp;N·m) of torque of the 6.0 Vortec engine.
The 4L70E transmission is the same as a 4L65E with a speed sensor located in the pump.

===Technical description===
The Turbo Hydra-Matic 700R4 can be identified by a rectangular-shaped oil pan with 16 bolt holes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crankshaftcoalition.com/wiki/General_Motors_transmissions#General_Identification|accessdate=2022-12-31|title=General Motors transmissions }}</ref>

The tailshaft housing is held onto the main case by four bolts (the bolt spacing is similar to the THM350), and uses a square-cut o-ring seal, and not a gasket. The typical width of this transmission where it bolts to the engine is {{convert|20|in|cm|abbr=on}} overall. From the engine/trans mating surface to the cross member mount bolt is {{convert|22.5|in|cm|abbr=on}}, and engine/trans surface to output shaft housing mating surface is {{convert|23.375|in|cm|abbr=on}} overall, with the tail shaft housing typically measuring {{convert|7.625|in|mm|abbr=on}}. External dimensions are similar to a THM350 with a 9-inch tailhousing found in Chevrolet/GMC long wheelbase truck/vans and 1971-76 B-bodies (Bel Air, Impala, Caprice).

Transmission fluid cooler lines on the 700R4 the bottom fitting on the right side of the transmission is the "out" line to the cooler and the top fitting is for the return line from the cooler. These fittings are {{convert|.25|in|mm|abbr=on}} pipe thread, and can include an adapter from the factory for threaded steel lines in a [[SAE International|SAE]] size. 4L60Es manufactured after 1995 use snap-in connections instead of threaded. The original version of the transmission had a 27-spline input shaft (shared with the THM200C and 2004R) which was a common failure point. In 1984, the 700R4 designed for use behind Chevrolet small block V8s received a 30-spline input shaft similar to those found on TH400 transmissions and which also used a different torque converter than its 2.8 V6 and 2.2 L4 engines. Between 1984 and 1987, internal components, from the ring gear to the oil pump housing, were updated, ending with the auxiliary valve body for 700s manufactured after October 1986.

In 1995, the 4L60E received a [[Pulse-width modulation|PWM]]-controlled lockup converter. The early designs simple on or off lockup function while the later design can regulate the apply pressure as to not feel the lock up occur. GM added a fifth [[solenoid]] to the valve body, called the PWM solenoid. In 1996, GM introduced a redesigned 4L60E transmission case that incorporated a bolt-on bellhousing and a six-bolt tail housing. This two-piece case style was first seen in 1996 and up model [[Chevrolet S-10|S-10 Blazer]], S-10 pickup, [[GMC Jimmy]], and [[GMC Sonoma]] with the 4.3&nbsp;L engine. The majority of 1998 and later applications of the 4L60E were two-piece cases (i.e. a removable bellhousing). Both transmissions are the same internally. The non-PWM (1993-1994) style 4L60Es are not interchangeable with PWM-style (1995 and later) 4L60Es. Also in 1996, GM changed the 3-2 solenoid to a different style which makes it not interchangeable with any previous models. For the model year 1996 GM trucks, there were two versions of the 4L60E: one had a bolt-on bellhousing, the other did not. In total, there are nine different bolt-on bellhousings. The bolt-on bellhousings used on the 4.3&nbsp;L V6 and 1996-2002 GEN I+ versions of the small-block Chevrolet V8 used the same bellhousing. These had one from 1996 to 1997 and then a slight redesign for 1998. The LSx engines used a longer one to accommodate a redesigned torque converter, commonly referred to as a 300mm converter, with a longer pilot nose (GM sells an adapter assembly for using the LSx 4L60Es when used with an early engine). There are two bellhousings for the Holden GM models. One for the Corvette drivetrain. One for the S/T platform with 2.2L and 3.8L engines. And finally, two for the S/T platform with the 2.8L, 3.5L and 4.2L engines (one used in 2002 and the other from 2003 and on).

{| class=wikitable
|+Gear ratios
!Gear
!Ratio
|-
|1||3.059:1
|-
|2||1.625:1
|-
|3||1.00:1
|-
|4||0.696:1
|-
|R||2.29:1
|}

===Applications===
<ref>''Chevrolet/GMC/Geo Transmission Lookup Table'', http://www.autorepairmanuals.biz/site/573683/page/372807</ref><ref>''Transmission Application Chart'', 
{{cite web |url=http://www.idatc.com/application_page.htm |title=Transmission Application Chart |access-date=2007-12-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101114818/http://www.idatc.com/application_page.htm |archive-date=2008-01-01 }}</ref>

*1982–2000 [[Chevrolet C/K|Chevrolet C/K / GMC C/K / Sierra]]
*1999-2013 [[Chevrolet Silverado]]/[[GMC Sierra]]
*1982–1992 [[Chevrolet K5 Blazer|Chevrolet Blazer]]/[[GMC Jimmy]]
*1982–2014 Chevrolet & GMC full-size vans (including [[Chevrolet_van#Third_generation_(1971-1996)|Chevrolet/GMC G-series vans]], [[Chevrolet Express]], and [[GMC Savana]])
*1982–2005 [[Chevrolet Corvette]]
*1982–1985 [[Chevrolet Impala]] 
*1982-1996 [[Chevrolet Caprice]]
*1983–1985 [[Oldsmobile Diesel engine|Oldsmobile 350 Diesel]] equipped models
*1983–2002 [[Chevrolet Camaro]]/[[Pontiac Firebird]]
*1984–2010 [[Chevrolet Suburban|Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Suburban/GMC Yukon XL]]
*1985–2005 [[Chevrolet Astro]]/[[GMC Safari]]
*1988–2012 [[Holden Commodore]]
*1989–2003 [[Chevrolet S-10]]/[[GMC S-15]]/[[GMC Sonoma]]
*1989–1994 [[Chevrolet S-10 Blazer]]
*1989–1994 [[GMC S-15 Jimmy]]
*1990–1996 [[Cadillac Fleetwood]]/[[Cadillac Brougham]]/Cadillac [[limousine]]s
*1990-2006 [[Holden Caprice]]
*1990-2012 [[Holden Ute]]
*1991–1992 [[GMC Syclone]]
*1991–1992 [[Oldsmobile_Custom_Cruiser#Third_generation_(1991–1992)|Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser]]
*1991-2004 [[Oldsmobile Bravada]]
*1992–1993 [[GMC Typhoon]]
*1993–2010 [[Chevrolet Tahoe]]/[[GMC Yukon]]
*1994–1996 [[Chevrolet_Impala#Seventh_generation_(Impala_SS,_1994–1996)|Chevrolet Impala SS]]
*1994–1996 [[Buick_Roadmaster#1991–1996|Buick Roadmaster]]
*1995–2005 [[Chevrolet_S-10_Blazer#Second_generation_(1995)|Chevrolet Blazer]]
*1995–2005 [[Chevrolet_S-10_Blazer#Second_generation_(1995)|GMC Jimmy]]
*1996-2000 [[Chevrolet_S-10#Isuzu_Hombre|Isuzu Hombre]]
*1999–2006 [[Cadillac Escalade]]
*2002–2008 [[Chevrolet Avalanche]]/[[Cadillac Escalade EXT]]
*2002–2009 [[Chevrolet TrailBlazer]]
*2002–2009 [[GMC Envoy]]
*2003-2004 [[Chevrolet SSR]]
*2003–2007 [[Hummer H2]]
*2003–2008 [[Isuzu Ascender]]
*2004–2007 [[Buick Rainier]]
*2004–2012 [[Chevrolet Colorado]]/[[GMC Canyon]]
*2004–2006 [[Pontiac_GTO#Fifth_generation|Pontiac GTO]]
*2005–2009 [[Saab 9-7X]]
*2006-2008 [[Chevrolet_Colorado#Isuzu_i-series|Isuzu i-series]]
*2006-2010 [[Hummer H3]]