Editing Universal design (section)

==Principles and goals==
The Center for Universal Design at [[North Carolina State University]] expounded the following principles:<ref name="Design.ncsu.edu-1997">{{cite web |date=1997-04-01 |title=The Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0 |url=https://design.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/principles-of-universal-design.pdf |access-date=2024-09-12 |publisher=Design.ncsu.edu}}</ref>

# [[Social equality|Equitable]] use
# [[Flexibility (engineering)|Flexibility]] in use
# [[Simplicity|Simple]] and [[Intuition (knowledge)|intuitive]]
# [[Perception|Perceptible]] information
# [[fault tolerance|Tolerance for error]]
# Low physical effort
# Size and space for approach and use

Each principle is broader than those of [[accessible design]] or barrier-free design contains and few brief guidelines that can be applied to design processes in any realm: physical or digital.<ref name="Design.ncsu.edu-1997" />

=== Goals ===
In 2012, the Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access<ref name="Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access-2020"/> at the [[University at Buffalo]] expanded the definition of the principles of universal design to include social participation and health and wellness. Rooted in evidence based design, the 8 goals of universal design were also developed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universaldesign.com/what-is-ud/ |title=The Goals of Universal Design |publisher=Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access |date=April 10, 2012 |access-date=August 31, 2017}}</ref>

# Body Fit
# Comfort
# Awareness
# Understanding
# Wellness
# Social Integration
# Personalization
# Cultural Appropriateness

The first four goals are oriented to human performance: [[anthropometry]], [[biomechanics]], [[perception]], [[cognition]]. Wellness bridges human performance and social participation. The last three goals addresses social participation outcomes. The definition and the goals are expanded upon in the textbook "Universal Design: Creating Inclusive Environments."<ref>{{cite book | editor-last1=Steinfeld | editor-first1=Edward | editor-last2=Maisel | editor-first2=Jordana | title=Universal Design: Creating Inclusive Environments |oclc = 787849904 |isbn =9781118168455 |location = Hoboken | publisher=Wiley | date=April 10, 2012 | pages=408 pages }}</ref>