Editing Verbal Behavior (section)

==Behavior under the control of verbal stimuli==

===Textual===
In Chapter Four Skinner notes forms of control by verbal stimuli. One form is textual behavior which refers to the type of behavior we might typically call reading or writing. A vocal response is controlled by a verbal stimulus that is not heard. There are two different modalities involved ("reading"). If they are the same they become "copying text" (see Jack Michael on copying text), if they are heard, then written, it becomes "taking dictation", and so on.

===Echoic===
Skinner was one of the first to seriously consider the role of imitation in language learning. He introduced this concept into his book ''Verbal Behavior'' with the concept of the echoic. It is a behavior under the functional control of a verbal stimulus. The verbal response and the verbal stimulus share what is called point to point correspondence (a formal similarity.) The speaker repeats what is said. In echoic behavior, the stimulus is auditory and response is vocal. It is often seen in early shaping behavior. For example, in learning a new language, a teacher might say "parsimonious" and then say "can you say it?" to induce an echoic response. Winokur (1978) is one example of research about echoic relations.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Boe, R. |author2=Winokur, S. |title=A procedure for studying echoic control in verbal behavior |journal=J Exp Anal Behav |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=213–7 |date=September 1978 |pmid=16812100 |pmc=1332717 |doi=10.1901/jeab.1978.30-213}}</ref>