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Visual release hallucinations
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==History== [[Image:CharlesBonnet.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Charles Bonnet]], the first person to describe the syndrome.]] The disease was first noted by the [[Swiss people|Swiss]] [[natural history|naturalist]] [[Charles Bonnet]], who described the condition in 1760.<ref name=":1" /> He documented it in his 90-year-old grandfather<ref>Bonnet Charles (1760) ''Essai Analytique sur les facultés de l'âme''. Copenhagen: Philibert, pp. 426–428</ref> who was nearly blind from [[cataract]]s in both eyes.<ref name="ted" /> After Bonnet's grandfather received bilateral cataract surgery, his vision evolved from slightly better to complete deterioration over time.<ref name=":0" /> It was around this period that his visual hallucinations started.<ref name=":0" /> His hallucinations consisted of perceptions of men, women, birds, carriages, buildings, tapestries, physically impossible circumstances and scaffolding patterns.<ref name="ted" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bonnet's syndrome (Charles Bonnet) |url=http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/2874.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223113706/http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/2874.html |archive-date=2014-02-23 |access-date=2013-07-03 |publisher=Whonamedit}}</ref> Even though his health was in good shape and he had an absence of any psychiatric disorders, the source of the hallucinations remained unknown.<ref name=":0" /> At forty years old, Charles Bonnet himself developed an unrevealed cause of severe vision loss and experienced the hallucinations.<ref name=":0" /> In 1936, [[Jean Lhermitte]] and [[Julian de Ajuriaguerra]], concluded that visual hallucinations consist of [[thalamus|thalamic]] lesions as well as ocular pathology.<ref name=":0" /> In 1967, French-Swiss neurologist, [[Georges de Morsier]], coined the term ''Charles Bonnet syndrome'' in Bonnet's honor.<ref name = deMorsier1967/><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Jan |first1=Tiffany |last2=del Castillo |first2=Jorge |date=2012 |title=Visual Hallucinations: Charles Bonnet Syndrome |journal=Western Journal of Emergency Medicine |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=544–547 |doi=10.5811/westjem.2012.7.12891 |issn=1936-900X |pmc=3555593 |pmid=23357937}}</ref> De Morsier's description of CBS implies a concentrated neurodegeneration, usually occurring in the elderly with typical cognition.<ref name=":0" /> In psychiatric literature, the most commonly accepted interpretation of CBS is that of Gold and Rabins'.<ref name=":0" /> In 1989, they detailed that the hallucinations associated with CBS are not affecting other sensory modalities.<ref name=":0" /> They believed that the visual hallucinations are oftentimes stereotyped, persistent, and/or repetitive in nature.<ref name=":0" />
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