Editing Young's modulus (section)

===Directional materials===
Young's modulus is not always the same in all orientations of a material. Most metals and ceramics, along with many other materials, are [[isotropy|isotropic]], and their mechanical properties are the same in all orientations. However, metals and ceramics can be treated with certain impurities, and metals can be mechanically worked to make their grain structures directional. These materials then become [[anisotropy|anisotropic]], and Young's modulus will change depending on the direction of the force vector.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1=Gorodtsov |first1=V.A. |last2=Lisovenko |first2=D.S. |date=2019 |title=Extreme values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of hexagonal crystals|journal=Mechanics of Materials |language=en |volume=134 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1016/j.mechmat.2019.03.017 |bibcode=2019MechM.134....1G |s2cid=140493258 }}</ref> Anisotropy can be seen in many composites as well. For example, [[carbon (fiber)|carbon fiber]] has a much higher Young's modulus (is much stiffer) when force is loaded parallel to the fibers (along the grain).  Other such materials include [[wood]] and [[reinforced concrete]]. Engineers can use this directional phenomenon to their advantage in creating structures.