Editing Comparison of C Sharp and Java (section)

===Numeric applications===
To adequately support applications in the field of mathematical and financial computation, several language features exist.<ref name="computation">{{cite web |url=http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/pubs/papers/scicomp01.pdf |title=Java for Scientific Computation : Prospects and Problems |publisher=Pds.ewi.tudelft.nl |access-date=24 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922004052/http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/pubs/papers/scicomp01.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Java's [[strictfp]] keyword enables strict floating-point calculations for a region of code. Strict floating-point calculations require that even if a platform offers higher precision during calculations, intermediate results must be converted to single/double. This ensures that strict floating-point calculations return exactly the same result on all platforms. Without strict floating-point, a platform implementation is free to use higher precision for intermediate results during calculation. C# allows an implementation for a given hardware architecture to always use a higher precision for intermediate results if available, i.e. C# does not allow the programmer to optionally force intermediate results to use the potential lower precision of single/double.<ref>{{cite web |title=C# Language Specification Version 5.0 |url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=7029 |quote=Floating-point operations may be performed with higher precision than the result type of the operation. For example, some hardware architectures support an "extended" or "long double" floating-point type with greater range and precision than the double type, and implicitly perform all floating-point operations using this higher precision type. Only at excessive cost in performance can such hardware architectures be made to perform floating-point operations with ''less'' precision, and rather than require an implementation to forfeit both performance and precision, C# allows a higher precision type to be used for all floating-point operations. Other than delivering more precise results, this rarely has any measurable effects. However, in expressions of the form x*y/z, where the multiplication produces a result that is outside the double range, but the subsequent division brings the temporary result back into the double range, the fact that the expression is evaluated in a higher range format may cause a finite result to be produced instead of an infinity. |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=28 October 2013 |at=4.1.6 Floating point types}}</ref>

Although Java's floating-point arithmetic is largely based on IEEE 754 (Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic), certain features are unsupported even when using the strictfp modifier, such as Exception Flags and Directed Roundings, abilities mandated by IEEE Standard 754 (see [[Criticism of Java#Floating point arithmetic|Criticism of Java, Floating point arithmetic]]).

C# provides a built-in decimal type,<ref>{{cite web |title=decimal vs. 110 |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.decimalv=vs.110.aspx |access-date=24 February 2015}}{{dead link |date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> which has higher precision (but less range) than the Java/C# double. The decimal type is a 128-bit data type suitable for financial and monetary calculations. The decimal type can represent values ranging from 1.0 × 10<sup>−28</sup> to approximately 7.9 × 10<sup>28</sup> with 28–29 significant digits.<ref>{{cite web |title=C# Language Specification Version 5.0 |url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=7029 |publisher=Microsoft | at=4.1.7 The decimal type}}</ref> The structure uses C# operator overloading so that decimals can be manipulated using operators such as {{mono|+}}, {{mono|-}}, {{mono|*}} and {{mono|/}}, like other primitive data types.

The {{Javadoc:SE|java/math|BigDecimal}} and {{Javadoc:SE|java/math|BigInteger}} types provided with Java allow arbitrary-precision representation of decimal numbers and integer numbers, respectively. Java standard library does not have classes to deal with complex numbers.

The {{csharp|BigInteger}},<ref name="microsoft1"/> and {{csharp|Complex}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Complex |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.numerics.complexv=vs.110.aspx |access-date=24 February 2015}}{{dead link |date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> types provided with C# allow representation and manipulation of arbitrary-precision integers and complex numbers, respectively. The structures use C# operator overloading so that instances can be manipulated using operators such as {{mono|+}}, {{mono|-}}, {{mono|*}}, and {{mono|/}}, like other primitive data types. C# standard library does not have classes to deal with arbitrary-precision floating point numbers (see [[Arbitrary-precision arithmetic#Arbitrary-precision software|software for arbitrary-precision arithmetic]]).

C# can help mathematical applications with the {{csharp|checked}} and {{csharp|unchecked}} operators that allow the enabling or disabling of run-time checking for [[arithmetic overflow]] for a region of code.