Editing Development communication (section)

== Risk communication ==
{{Main|Risk communication}}

Risk communication originated in the United States where environmental clean-up efforts were implemented through legislation. The terms 'risk communications' and 'risk management' were first used by [[William Ruckelshaus]], the first administrator of the U.S. '[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA), which was established in the 1970s.<ref name="Walaski">
{{cite book
 | title      = Risk and Crisis Communications
 | url      = https://archive.org/details/riskcrisiscommun00wala
 | url-access = registration
 | page       = [https://archive.org/details/riskcrisiscommun00wala/page/n90 6]
 | last = Walaski |first=P.
 | location   = Hoboken, NJ
 | year       = 2011
 | publisher  = John Wiley and Sons
| isbn = 978-0-470-59273-1
 }}</ref> Risk communication includes management decision risks, implementation risks and risks related to existing environmental, health, political, or social circumstances. For instance, in the health sector, risk communication addresses pandemics, natural disasters, bioterrorism, resource contamination, etc.<ref name="Kreps">
{{cite book
 | title      = Health Communication Theory. In Littlejohn, S. and Foss, K. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Communication Theory
 | page       = 467
 | author     = Kreps, G.
 | year       = 2009
}}</ref> Definitions of "risk" include:
"The identification and analysis, either qualitative or quantitative, of the likelihood of the occurrence of a hazardous event overexposure, and the severity of injury or illness that may be caused by it." —American National Standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (ANSI/AIHA Z10 – 2005 ):{{sfnp|Walaski|2011|p=7}}
"...the probability that a substance or situation will produce harm under specified conditions. Risk is a combination of two factors: (1) the probability that an adverse event will occur and (2) the consequences of the adverse event."—The Framework for Environmental Health Risk Management (Presidential/Congressional Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management, 1997):{{sfnp|Walaski|2011|p=7}}
"...the probability (or likelihood) that a harmful consequence will occur as a result of an action."—The Safety Professionals Handbook (Fields 2008 ):{{sfnp|Walaski|2011|p=7}}

Risk management was described as:
The evaluations and decisions that go into coping with risks (Lundgren and McMakin, 2004){{sfnp|Walaski| 2011|p=8}}
Planning for a crisis, which should involve the removal of risks and allow an organization, a society, or a system adequate control<ref name="Policy Sciences in Action">{{Cite web|url = http://www.policysciences.org/institute.php|title = Policy Sciences in Action|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141111130230/http://www.policysciences.org/institute.php|archive-date = 11 November 2014}}</ref>(Fearn-Banks, 2007){{sfnp|Walaski| 2011|p=8}} and
Factors that combat crises with the objective of minimizing damage. (Combs, 1999){{sfnp|Walaski| 2011|p=8}}

Risk communications involves important information for managing risks, both from authorities to those at risk and vice versa.{{sfnp|Walaski|2011|p=9}}

Development communication benefits from risk communications when the latter clarifies the risks of development (or lack thereof).