Editing 1775 in science (section)

==Technology==
[[Image:Watt steam pumping engine.JPG|thumb|300px|[[Watt steam engine]]]]
* May 22 – [[James Watt]]'s 1769 [[steam engine]] [[patent]] is extended to June 1800 by [[Act of Parliament]] of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] and the first [[Watt steam engine|engines]] are built under it.<ref>{{cite journal|first=F. M.|last=Scherer|title=Invention and Innovation in the Watt-Boulton Steam-Engine Venture|journal=[[Technology and Culture]]|volume=6|issue=2|year=1965|pages=165–87|jstor=3101072|doi=10.2307/3101072|s2cid=112618665 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwattsenginespread.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525164012/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwattsenginespread.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 25, 2012|title=The Invention of the Steam Engine: The Life of James Watt. Part 4: The Steam Engine Gains Popularity|work=About.com Inventors|accessdate=2011-02-25}}</ref>
* [[Jacques-Constantin Périer]] operates a [[paddle steamer]] on the [[Seine]], but it proves to be underpowered.<ref>{{cite book|first=H. Philip|last=Spratt|title=The Birth of the Steamboat|url=https://archive.org/details/birthofsteamboat0000spra|url-access=registration|location=London|year=1958|page=[https://archive.org/details/birthofsteamboat0000spra/page/35 35]}}</ref>
* [[Alexander Cumming]] patents the [[Trap (plumbing)|S-trap]] in [[London]], laying the foundations for the modern [[flush toilet]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Development of the Flushing Toilet – Detailed Chronology 1596 onwards|publisher=Twyfords Bathrooms|location=Stoke-on-Trent|url=http://www.twyfordbathrooms.com/default.asp?path=1;52;8648;8723|access-date=2011-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322192643/http://www.twyfordbathrooms.com/default.asp?path=1|archive-date=2010-03-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Edinburgh]] [[confectioner]] [[Charles Spalding]] devises improvements to the [[diving bell]], adding a system of balance-weights.<ref>{{citation|title=Transactions of the Society Instituted at London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce|year=1806|publisher=[[Society of Arts]]|pages=220–232|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zxtbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA232|edition=3rd|volume=1|accessdate=2013-01-22}}</ref>
* [[Pierre-Simon Girard]], age 10, invents a [[water turbine]].
* December 30 – [[John Arnold (watchmaker)|John Arnold]] takes out his first [[patent]] for improvements in the construction of [[marine chronometer]]s in [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Britain]], including the first for a [[compensation balance]].<ref>No. 1113. {{cite ODNB|authorlink=Jonathan Betts|first=Jonathan|last=Betts|title=Arnold, John (1735/6–1799)|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/677|accessdate=2012-03-09|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/677}}</ref>
* Approximate date – [[Thomas Mudge (horologist)|Thomas Mudge]] invents the detached [[lever escapement]] for clocks and watches.
* [[French Academy of Sciences]] made the statement that the academy "will no longer accept or deal with proposals concerning [[perpetual motion]]."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Scaffer |first1=Simon |title=The Show That Never Ends: Perpetual Motion in the Early Eighteenth Century |journal=The British Journal for the History of Science |date=June 1995 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=157–189 |jstor=4027676 |doi=10.1017/S0007087400032957 |s2cid=146549874 }}</ref>