Editing 1844 (section)

== Births ==

=== January–March ===
[[File:Minna_Canth.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Minna Canth]]]]
[[File:Mayor PA Collins.png|thumb|right|100px|[[Patrick Collins (mayor)|Patrick Collins]]]]
[[File:John Boyle O'Reilly cph.3a38519.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[John Boyle O'Reilly]]]]
* [[January 7]] – [[Bernadette Soubirous]], French visionary from Lourdes (d. [[1879]])
* [[January 9]] – [[Julián Gayarre]], Spanish opera singer (d. [[1890]])
* [[January 11]] – [[Franz Schrader]], French mountaineer, geographer, cartographer and landscape painter (d. [[1924]])
* [[February 14]] – [[Robert Themptander]], 4th prime minister of Sweden (d. [[1897]])
* [[February 20]]
** [[Joshua Slocum]], Canadian-born American seaman and adventurer (d. [[1909]])
** [[Ludwig Boltzmann]], Austrian physicist (d. [[1906]])
* [[February 21]] – [[Charles-Marie Widor]], French organist, composer (d. [[1937]])
* [[February 26]] – [[Horace Harmon Lurton]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1914]])
* [[February 28]] – [[French Ensor Chadwick]], American admiral (d. [[1919]])
* [[March 1]] – [[Dirk Van Raalte|Dirk van Raalte]], American [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] soldier and politician (d. [[1910]])
* [[March 10]] – [[Pablo de Sarasate]], Spanish violinist (d. [[1908]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Umberto I]], King of Italy (d. [[1900]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]], Russian composer (d. [[1908]])
* [[March 19]] – [[Minna Canth]], Finnish writer and social activist (d. [[1897]])<ref>{{cite web|last1=Maijala|first1=Minna|title=Minna Canth (1844–1897)|url=http://www.helsinki.fi/sukupuolentutkimus/klassikkogalleria/canth/|website=Klassikkogalleria|publisher=Kristiina Institute, [[University of Helsinki]]|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref>
* [[March 25]] – [[Adolf Engler]], German botanist (d. [[1930]])
* [[March 30]] – [[Paul Verlaine]], French poet (d. [[1896]])

=== April–June ===
[[File:Mary Cassatt photograph 1913.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Mary Cassatt]]]]
* [[April 1]] – [[Nikolai Skrydlov]], Russian admiral (d. [[1918]])
* [[April 13]] – [[John Surratt]], suspect in the [[Abraham Lincoln assassination]], son of [[Mary Surratt]] (d. [[1916]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Anatole France]], French writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1924]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1921/france/facts/|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921 |website=www.nobelprize.org |access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[April 22]] – [[Lewis Powell (conspirator)|Lewis Powell]], attempted assassin of [[United States Secretary of State]] [[William H. Seward]], conspirator with [[John Wilkes Booth]] (d. [[1865]])
* [[April 26]] – [[Lizardo García]], 17th President of Ecuador (d. [[1937]])
* [[April 28]] – [[Katarina Milovuk]], Serbian educator, women's rights activist (d. [[1909]])
* [[April 29]] – [[Hans von Koester]], German admiral (d. [[1928]])<ref>{{NDB|12|405||Koester, Hans von|[[Walther Hubatsch]]}}</ref>

* [[May 3]]
**[[Sarah Warren Keeler]], American educator of the deaf-mute (d. [[1899]])
**[[Kuroki Tamemoto]], Japanese general (d. [[1923]])
* [[May 14]] – [[Alexander Kaulbars]], Russian general, explorer (d. [[1925]])
* [[May 19]] – [[William M. Folger]], American admiral (d. [[1928]])
* [[May 21]] – [[Henri Rousseau]], French artist (d. [[1910]])
* [[May 22]] – [[Mary Cassatt]], American painter and printmaker (d. [[1926]])
* [[May 23]] – [[`Abdu'l-Bahá]], Persian Baháʼí religious leader (d. [[1921]])
* [[June 6]] – [[Konstantin Savitsky]], Russian painter (d. [[1905]])
* [[June 30]] – [[George Bengescu-Dabija]], Wallachian-born Romanian poet, playwright and general (d. [[1916]])

=== July–September ===
[[File:Emily Ruete (Sayyida Salme), Princess of Zanzibar.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Emily Ruete]]]]
[[File:Nietzsche187a.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Friedrich Nietzsche]]]]
[[File:Ludwig Grillich7.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Ludwig Grillich]]]]
[[File:Queen Alexandra, the Princess of Wales.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Queen [[Alexandra of Denmark]]]]
* [[July 11]] – King [[Peter I of Serbia]] (d. [[1921]])
* [[July 22]] – [[William Archibald Spooner]], British scholar, Anglican priest (d. [[1930]])
* [[July 25]] – [[Thomas Eakins]], American painter, sculptor (d. [[1916]])
* [[July 26]] – [[Deodato Arellano]], Filipino Propagandist (d. [[1899]])
* [[July 28]] – [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]], English poet (d. [[1889]])
* [[July 30]] – [[Robert Jones Burdette]], American minister, sentimental humorist (d. [[1914]])
* [[August 5]]
**[[Ilya Repin]], Russian painter, sculptor (d. [[1930]])
**[[Philip H. Cooper]], American admiral (d. [[1912]])
* [[August 6]] – [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (d. [[1900]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Panton |first1=James |title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy |date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7497-8 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&pg=PA39 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 17]] – [[Menelik II]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]] (d. [[1913]])
* [[August 20]] – [[Mutsu Munemitsu]], Japanese statesman, diplomat (d. [[1897]])
* [[August 22]] – [[George W. De Long]], American naval officer, explorer (d. [[1881]])
* [[August 23]] – [[Hamilton Disston]], American land developer (d. [[1896]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Ramón Auñón y Villalón]], Spanish admiral and politician (d. [[1925]])
* [[August 29]] – [[Edward Carpenter]], English socialist poet (d. [[1929]])
* [[August 30]] – [[Emily Ruete]], Princess of Zanzibar (d. [[1924]])
* [[September 7]] – [[Charles Romley Alder Wright]], British chemist (d. [[1894]])
* [[September 13]] – [[Ludwig von Falkenhausen]], German general (d. [[1936]])
* [[September 16]] – [[Claude-Paul Taffanel]], French flutist, composer (d. [[1908]])
* [[September 20]] – [[William H. Illingworth]], English photographer (d. [[1893]])
* [[September 24]] – [[Max Noether]], German mathematician (d. [[1921]])
* [[September 28]] – [[Robert Stout|Sir Robert Stout]], 2-time prime minister of New Zealand (d. [[1930]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman]], 10th President of Argentina (d. [[1909]])

=== October–December ===
[[File:WFReitz CHM VA0957.jpg|thumb|138x138px|[[Francis William Reitz]]]]

[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg|thumb|158x158px|[[Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee|W.C. Bonnerjee]]]]
* [[October 5]] – [[Francis William Reitz]], 5th State President of the [[Orange Free State]] (d. [[1934]])
* [[October 11]] – [[Henry J. Heinz]], American businessman (d. [[1919]])
* [[October 15]] – [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], German philosopher (d. [[1900]])<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Hollingdale |author-first=R. J. |author-link=R. J. Hollingdale |title=Nietzsche: The Man and His Philosophy |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1999 |jstor=2024055 |isbn=978-0-521-64091-6}}</ref>
* [[October 16]] – [[Ismail Qemali|Ismail Kemal]], Albanian politician and statesman, 1st Prime Minister of Albania (d. [[1919]])
* [[October 22]] – [[Louis Riel]], Canadian-American leader (d. [[1885]])
* [[October 23]]
** [[Robert Bridges]], English poet (d. [[1930]])
** [[Sarah Bernhardt]],  French actress (d. [[1923]])
* [[October 24]] – [[Karl Lueger]], Austrian politician, [[Mayor of Vienna]] (d. [[1910]])
* [[October 27]] – [[Klas Pontus Arnoldson]], Swedish writer, pacifist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1916]])
* [[November 2]] – [[Mehmed V]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (d. [[1918]])
* [[November 10]] – [[Henry Eyster Jacobs]], American Lutheran theologian (d. [[1932]])
* [[November 11]] – [[Marcelino Crisologo]], Filipino politician, playwright, writer and poet (d. [[1927]])
* [[November 13]] – [[Andrew Harper]], Scottish-Australian biblical scholar, teacher (d. [[1936]])
* [[November 25]] – [[Karl Benz]], German automotive pioneer (d. [[1929]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Friedrich Schildberger|title=Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and Karl Benz|publisher=Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft|year=1968|page=59}}</ref>
* [[December 1]] – [[Alexandra of Denmark]], Queen of [[Edward VII]] of the United Kingdom (d. [[1925]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Queen Alexandra, wife of Edward VII |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/queen-alexandra-wife-of-edward-vii |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=7 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 8]] – [[Charles-Émile Reynaud]], French science teacher, animation pioneer (d. [[1918]])
* [[December 18]] – [[Takashima Tomonosuke]], Japanese general (d. [[1916]])
* [[December 29]] – [[Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee|Womesh Chundra Bonnerjee]], Indian Barrister (d.  [[1906]])

=== Date unknown ===
* ''probable'' – [[Abdur Rahman Khan]], Emir of Kabul, Emir of Kandahar, Emir of Afghanistan (d. [[1901]])