Editing 1859 in science (section)

==Mathematics==
* [[Emanoil Bacaloglu]] develops the "Bacaloglu [[pseudosphere]]".<ref>{{cite journal|title=Romanian Inventions|journal=The Reminder|issue=46|date=June 1983|page=3 (suppl.)}}</ref>
* [[Arthur Cayley]] produces the first [[Cayley–Klein metric]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Cayley|first=Arthur|title=A sixth memoir upon quantics|jstor=108690|id=Collected Math. Papers, volume 2|year=1859|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London]]|issn=0080-4614|volume=149|pages=61–90|bibcode = 1859RSPT..149...61C|doi=10.1098/rstl.1859.0004|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1432432|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Bernhard Riemann]] publishes his paper on [[number theory]], ''{{sic|hide=y|Ueber}} die Anzahl der Primzahlen unter einer gegebenen {{sic|hide=y|Grösse}}'' ("[[On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude]]")<ref>''Monatsberichte der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin'' (November 1859).</ref> including the [[Riemann zeta function]] and [[Riemann hypothesis]].