Editing 1938 in science (section)

==Medicine==
* June 4&ndash;6 – [[Sigmund Freud]] and his immediate family leave [[Vienna]] for exile in London.
* March 4 – American [[biogerontologist]] [[Raymond Pearl]] demonstrates the negative health effects of [[tobacco smoking]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pearl|first=R.|title=Tobacco Smoking and Longevity|doi=10.1126/science.87.2253.216|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=87|issue=2253|pages=216–217|year=1938|pmid=17813231|bibcode=1938Sci....87..216P}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0874369670|last=Cordry|first= Harold V.|title=Tobacco: a reference handbook|url=https://archive.org/details/tobaccoreference0000cord|url-access=registration|location=Santa Barbara, California|series=Contemporary world issues|year=2001}}</ref>
* August – [[Dorothy Hansine Andersen]] describes the characteristic [[cystic fibrosis]] of the [[pancreas]] and correlates it with the [[Coeliac disease|celiac]], [[Respiratory disease|respiratory]] and [[intestinal disease]]s prominent in the condition, also first hypothesizing that cystic fibrosis is a [[recessive]] disorder.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Andersen|first=Dorothy Hansine|title=Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and its relation to celiac disease: a clinical and pathological study|journal=[[American Journal of Diseases of Children]]|year=1938|volume=56|issue=2|pages=344–399|doi=10.1001/archpedi.1938.01980140114013}}</ref>
* October – [[Robert Edward Gross]] becomes the first surgeon successfully to [[Ligature (medicine)|ligate]] an uninfected [[patent ductus arteriosus]], in [[Boston]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gross|first=Robert|last2=Hubbard|first2=John|date=1939|title=Surgical Ligation of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus|journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association]]|volume=112|issue=8|pages=729|doi=10.1001/jama.1939.02800080049011|issn=0002-9955}}</ref>

* [[Hans Asperger]] first adopts the term ''[[autism]]'' in its modern sense in referring to ''autistic psychopaths'' in a lecture (in German) on [[child psychology]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift|year=1938|volume=51|pages=1314–7|title=The psychically abnormal child|last=Asperger|first=H.|language=German}}</ref>
* [[Ugo Cerletti]] and [[Lucio Bini]] discover [[electroconvulsive therapy]].
* Philip Wiles of [[Middlesex Hospital]] in London carries out a total [[hip replacement]] using a stainless-steel prosthesis.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Reynolds, L. A.|title=Early Development of Total Hip Replacement|publisher=Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine, University College London|year=2006|isbn=978-085484-111-0}}</ref>
* American endocrinologist [[Henry Turner (endocrinologist)|Henry Turner]] describes [[Turner syndrome]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Turner, H. H.|year=1938|title=A syndrome of infantilism, congenital webbed neck and cubitus valgus|journal=[[Endocrinology (journal)|Endocrinology]]|volume=23|issue=5|pages=566–74|doi=10.1210/endo-23-5-566}}</ref>