Editing Absence seizure (section)

=== Syndromes ===
Absence seizure syndromes are [[childhood absence epilepsy]], [[epilepsy with myoclonic absences]], [[juvenile absence epilepsy]] and [[juvenile myoclonic epilepsy]]. Other proposed syndromes are [[Jeavons syndrome]] (eyelid myoclonia with absences), and [[genetic generalised epilepsy with phantom absences]].

Absence seizures are also known to occur to patients with [[porphyria]] and can be triggered by stress or other [[porphyrin]]-inducing factors.

'''Childhood Absence Epilepsy'''

Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a type of idiopathic epilepsy characterized by its non-convulsive, generalized nature and a genetic origin influenced by multiple factors<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crunelli |first1=Vincenzo |last2=Leresche |first2=Nathalie |title=Childhood absence epilepsy: Genes, channels, neurons and networks |journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience |date=May 2002 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=371–382 |doi=10.1038/nrn811 |pmid=11988776 }}</ref>

'''Epilepsy with Myoclonic Absences'''

Myoclonic Absence Epilepsy is an infrequent type of childhood epilepsy characterized by a high occurrence of intellectual impairments and resistance to treatment.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manonmani |first1=V |last2=Wallace |first2=S J |title=Epilepsy with myoclonic absences. |journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood |date=1 April 1994 |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=288–290 |doi=10.1136/adc.70.4.288 |pmid=8185360 |pmc=1029780 }}</ref>

'''Juvenile Absence Epilepsy'''

Juvenile Absence Epilepsy is considered an Idiopathic GED (Idiopathic Major Epilepsy) Syndrome and is officially categorized as Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy by the ILAE. This condition typically begins in adolescents during the puberty stage and is distinguished by the occurrence of absence seizures and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yadala |first1=Sisira |last2=Nalleballe |first2=Krishna |title=StatPearls [Internet] |date=7 August 2023 |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK559055/ |chapter=Juvenile Absence Epilepsy |pmid=32644481 }}</ref>

'''Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy'''

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME), also referred to as Janz Syndrome and Impulsive Petit Mal, is a form of epilepsy that is characterized by absence, Myoclonic, and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures. This epilepsy variant is marked by its idiopathic and hereditary characteristics, as well as its generalization across seizures. The initial documentation of JME dates back to 1867 by Herpin, followed by Janz and Christian labeling it as 'Impulsive Petit Mal' in 1957, and Lund's 1975 designation of 'JME'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Amrutkar |first1=Chaitanya V. |last2=Riel-Romero |first2=Rosario M. |title=StatPearls [Internet] |date=2 February 2023 |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK537109/ |chapter=Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy |pmid=30725794 }}</ref>

'''Jeavons Syndrome'''

Reflex Epilepsy (JS) is a form of epilepsy usually categorized within the spectrum of genetically linked Generalized Epilepsy (GGE). While EM (Epileptic Myoclonus) is commonly acknowledged as a type of seizure, the formal recognition of JS as a separate medical entity by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has not yet occurred.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nilo |first1=Annacarmen |last2=Crespel |first2=Arielle |last3=Genton |first3=Pierre |last4=Macorig |first4=Greta |last5=Gigli |first5=Gian Luigi |last6=Gelisse |first6=Philippe |title=Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonias (Jeavons syndrome): An electro-clinical study of 40 patients from childhood to adulthood |journal=Seizure |date=April 2021 |volume=87 |pages=30–38 |doi=10.1016/j.seizure.2021.02.028 |pmid=33677402 |doi-access=free }}</ref>