Editing Apache (section)

=== Lipan ===
'''[[Lipan Apache people|Lipan]]''' (Ypandes) primarily live in New Mexico today on the [[Mescalero Apache Reservation]].<ref name="may-ohs">{{cite web |last1=May |first1=Jon D. |title=Apache, Lipan |url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=AP004 |website=The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture |publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508143850/https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=AP004 |url-status=live }}</ref> Other Lipan Apache descendants merged with the [[Tonkawa]] tribe in Oklahoma.<ref name="may-ohs"/> Historically, they moved from what is now the Southwest into the [[Southern Plains]] before 1650.<ref name="may-ohs"/> In 1719, French explorer [[Jean Baptiste Bénard de La Harpe]] encountered the Lipan Apache near what is now [[Latimer County, Oklahoma]].<ref name="may-ohs"/>

They were mentioned in 1718 records as being near the newly established town of [[San Antonio, Texas]].<ref name="de Reuse, p. 385"/> They expanded into Texas and south the Gulf of Mexico and Rio Grande. In the mid-18th century, some Lipan settled in and near [[Spanish missions in Texas]].<ref name="tsha">{{cite web |last1=Carlisle |first1=Jeffrey D. |title=Apache Indians |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/apache-indians |website=Texas Beyond History |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823201927/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/apache-indians |url-status=live }}</ref> Clashes with Comanche forced them into southern Texas and northern Mexico.<ref name="tsha"/>

Briefly in the late 1830s, the Lipan allied with the [[Republic of Texas]]; however, after Texas gained statehood in 1846, the Americans waged a brutal campaign against the Lipan, destroying Lipan villages and trying to force them from Texas. Most were forced onto the Mescalero Reservation and some went to Oklahoma.<ref name="may-ohs"/><ref name="tsha"/>

* '''[[Lipan Apache people|Pelones]]''' ("Bald Ones") lived far from San Antonio and far to the northeast of the Ypandes near the [[Red River of the South]] of North-Central Texas, although able to field 800 warriors, more than the ''Ypandes'' and ''Natagés'' together, they were described as less warlike because they had fewer horses than the Plains Lipan, their population were estimated between 1,600 and 2,400 persons, were the ''Forest Lipan'' division (''Chishį́į́hį́į́'', ''Tcici'', ''Tcicihi'' – "People of the Forest", after 1760 the name Pelones was never used by the Spanish for any Texas Apache group, the Pelones had fled for the Comanche south and southwest, but never mixed up with the Plains Lipan division – retaining their distinct identity, so that [[Morris Opler]] was told by his Lipan informants in 1935 that their tribal name was "People of the Forest"){{citation needed|date=May 2024}}