Editing Approval voting (section)

=== Use by organizations ===
Approval has been used in privately administered nomination contests by the [[Independent Party of Oregon]] in 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2016. Oregon is a [[fusion voting]] state, and the party has cross-nominated legislators and statewide officeholders using this method; its 2016 presidential preference primary did not identify a potential nominee due to no candidate earning more than 32% support.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Peralta|first=Sal|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2016/06/following_tense_primary_indepe.html|title=Following tense primary, Independent Party plans presidential preference vote (OPINION)|date=June 17, 2016|work=[[The Oregonian]]|access-date=June 26, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Radnovich|first=Connor|url=https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/news/politics/2018/04/21/oregon-independent-party-governor-candidates-internal-conflict-highlighted/530248002/|title=Independent Party's internal conflict highlighted in Oregon governor race|date=April 21, 2018|work=Statesman Journal|access-date=June 26, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fairvote.org/new_lessons_from_problems_with_approval_voting_in_practice|title=New Lessons from Problems with Approval Voting in Practice|last=Richie|first=Rob|date=December 14, 2016|work=FairVote}}</ref> The party switched to using [[STAR voting]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 7, 2020|title=STAR VOTING ANNOUNCEMENT|url=https://www.indparty.com/election-notice|access-date=April 11, 2020|website=Independent Party of Oregon|location=Salem|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=April 8, 2020|title=Independent Party of Oregon to utilize STAR system for primary|language=en|work=Herald and News|url=https://www.heraldandnews.com/news/local_news/independent-party-of-oregon-to-utilize-star-system-for-primary/article_b475ff5a-75c7-55f8-8e46-95b483eaff28.html|access-date=April 10, 2020}}</ref>

It is also used in internal elections by the [[American Solidarity Party]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://solidarity-party.org/16112120-b9ec-4746-9bff-c2d18e7662b9/|title=Vice-Chair's Remarks|last1=Covich|first1=Skylar|website=American Solidarity Party|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032935/https://solidarity-party.org/16112120-b9ec-4746-9bff-c2d18e7662b9/|archive-date=June 22, 2018|access-date=June 21, 2018}}</ref> the [[Green party|Green Parties]] of [[Green Party of Texas|Texas]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.txgreens.org/platform#reform|title=Platform|publisher=Green Party of Texas|access-date=January 31, 2017|quote=We support switching to a preferential voting method, such as approval voting.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.txgreens.org/by_laws|title=By-Laws|publisher=Green Party of Texas|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129154828/http://www.txgreens.org/by_laws|archive-date=January 29, 2017|access-date=January 31, 2017|quote=The Co-Chair, Treasurer, and Secretary positions shall be filled by using approval voting.}}</ref> and [[Green Party of Ohio|Ohio]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohiogreens.org/event/ohio-green-party-presidential-nominating-convention-columbus-results|title=Ohio Green Party Presidential Nominating Convention (Columbus)|publisher=Ohio Green Party|access-date=January 31, 2017|quote=We have agreed to use "approval voting" as opposed to "instant runoff voting" to make the Ohio Green Party choice for president|archive-date=February 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226172609/http://www.ohiogreens.org/event/ohio-green-party-presidential-nominating-convention-columbus-results|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Libertarian National Committee]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2020 |title=MEETING MINUTES LIBERTARIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE |url=https://lpedia.org/w/images/f/fa/LNC-MEETING_2020-10-04_FINAL.pdf#page=10 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://lpedia.org/w/images/f/fa/LNC-MEETING_2020-10-04_FINAL.pdf#page=10 |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |quote=VOTING METHOD: Approval Voting per OpaVote. Vote for as many candidates as desired.}}</ref> the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian parties]] of [[Libertarian Party of Texas|Texas]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lptexas.org/state-platform|title=State Platform|access-date=January 31, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130003731/http://www.lptexas.org/state-platform|archive-date=January 30, 2017|publisher=Libertarian Party of Texas|quote=We also believe that all races should be decided by Approval Voting}}</ref> [[Libertarian Party of Colorado|Colorado]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Document:Colorado State Party Bylaws 2021 |url=https://lpedia.org/wiki/Document:Colorado_State_Party_Bylaws_2021 |access-date=September 24, 2022 |website=LPedia |quote=For any partisan offices, Convention Delegates shall vote by approval voting}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Colorado Convention 2018 |url=https://lpedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Convention_2018 |access-date=September 24, 2022 |work=LPedia |language=en |quote=All candidates were selected by approval voting via standing vote.}}</ref> [[Arizona Libertarian Party|Arizona]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bylaws |url=https://azlp.org/about/bylaws/ |access-date=September 24, 2022 |website=Arizona Libertarian Party |language=en-US |quote=The remaining Delegates … shall be elected by approval voting … should there be more Delegate Candidates than allotted seats.}}</ref> and [[Libertarian Party of New York|New York]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2021 |title=Rules of the Libertarian Party |url=https://lpny.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2021/11/LPNY-RULES-2021-11-07.pdf#page=10 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://lpny.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2021/11/LPNY-RULES-2021-11-07.pdf#page=10 |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |website=Libertarian Party of New York |quote=All elections shall be held with approval voting}}</ref> [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] in Germany;<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2017 |title=Grüne München: Satzung |trans-title=Statutes of the city association - Alliance 90/The Greens Munich-City District Association |url=https://www.gruene-muenchen.de/partei/satzung/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118171623/https://www.gruene-muenchen.de/partei/satzung/ |archive-date=January 18, 2017 |access-date=March 5, 2023 |language=de |quote=Delegierte für Bundes, Landes- und Bezirksversammlungen werden per Zustimmungsblockwahl gewählt. Jede*r Stimmberechtigte hat so viele Stimmen, wie Bewerber*innen zur Wahl stehen, und kann jeder*m Bewerber*in eine oder keine Stimme geben.}}</ref> and the [[Czech Pirate Party|Czech]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jednací řád celostátního fóra|url=https://wiki.pirati.cz/rules/jdr|access-date=November 16, 2021|website=Pirati.CZ|language=cs}}</ref> and [[German Pirate Party]]<!-- with a 50% threshold requirement? -->.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akzeptanzwahl – Piratenwiki |url=https://wiki.piratenpartei.de/Akzeptanzwahl |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=wiki.piratenpartei.de |language=de |quote=Die Akzeptanzwahl ist aktuell das Standard-Wahlverfahren beim Großteil aller Parteitage in der Piratenpartei. |trans-quote=Approval Voting is currently the standard voting method at most party conventions in the Pirate Party.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wiki.piratenpartei.de/Bundesparteitag_2010.1/Gesch%C3%A4ftsordnung#Wahlen_zu_Vorstand_und_Schiedsgericht|title=Bundesparteitag 2010.1/Geschäftsordnung|publisher=[[German Pirate Party]]|language=de|access-date=June 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Data from the German Pirate Party (Piratenpartei) |url=https://sites.google.com/a/electology.org/www/pirate-elections-germany |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219005345/https://sites.google.com/a/electology.org/www/pirate-elections-germany |archive-date=February 19, 2019 |access-date=September 24, 2022 |publisher=The Center for Election Science}}</ref>

Approval has been adopted by several societies: the Society for Social Choice and Welfare (1992),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unicaen.fr/recherche/mrsh/sites/all/themes/simpler2/scw/statutesSCW.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.unicaen.fr/recherche/mrsh/sites/all/themes/simpler2/scw/statutesSCW.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |title=Statutes of the Society for Social Choice and Welfare |publisher=Society for Social Choice and Welfare |access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref> [[Mathematical Association of America]] (1986),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maa.org/about-maa/governance/governance-documents/bylaws#article9 |title=MAA Bylaws |publisher=[[Mathematical Association of America]] |date=August 7, 2010 |access-date=November 6, 2014}}</ref> the [[American Mathematical Society]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ams.org/notices/201508/rnoti-p931a.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ams.org/notices/201508/rnoti-p931a.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |title=2015 American Mathematical Society Elections |publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]] |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> the Institute of Management Sciences (1987) (now the [[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.informs.org/content/download/363531/3797055/file/Constitution%20and%20Bylaws%20August%202017.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.informs.org/content/download/363531/3797055/file/Constitution%20and%20Bylaws%20August%202017.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |title=Constitution of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences |publisher=Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences |date=August 2017 |page=7}}</ref> the [[American Statistical Association]] (1987),<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.amstat.org/asa/files/pdfs/ABT-Bylaws.pdf |title = Bylaws of the American Statistical Association |date = September 19, 2018 |access-date = January 28, 2020 |publisher=[[American Statistical Association]]}}</ref> and the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (1987). 

Steven Brams' analysis of the 5-candidate 1987 Mathematical Association of America presidential election shows that 79% of voters cast a ballot for one candidate, 16% for 2 candidates, 5% for 3, and 1% for 4, with the winner earning the approval of 1,267 (32%) of 3,924 voters.<ref name="theory to practice"/><ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook on Approval Voting|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookonapprov00lasl|url-access=limited|last1=Brams|first1=Steven J.|last2=Fishburn|first2=Peter C.|chapter=Going from Theory to Practice: The Mixed Success of Approval Voting |date=2010 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=9783642028380|editor-last=Laslier|editor-first=Jean-François|series=Studies in Choice and Welfare|pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookonapprov00lasl/page/n37 19]–37|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-02839-7_3|editor-last2=Sanver|editor-first2=M. Remzi}}</ref> The IEEE board in 2002 rescinded its decision to use approval. IEEE Executive Director Daniel J. Senese stated that approval was abandoned because "few of our members were using it and it was felt that it was no longer needed."<ref name="theory to practice">{{cite conference |last1=Brams |first1=Steven J. |last2=Fishburn |first2=Peter C. |title=Going from Theory to Practice: The Mixed Success of Approval Voting |work=Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association |publisher=[[American Political Science Association]] |access-date=May 8, 2010| url= http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/politics/faculty/brams/theory_to_practice.pdf | date=August 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218010629/http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/politics/faculty/brams/theory_to_practice.pdf |archive-date=December 18, 2018}}</ref>

Approval voting was used for Dartmouth Alumni Association elections for seats on the College Board of Trustees, but after some controversy<ref name="verbum">{{cite news |url=https://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2009/04/verbum-ultimum-making-amends |title=Verbum Ultimum: Making Amends |date=April 3, 2009 |work=The Dartmouth}}</ref> it was replaced with traditional runoff elections by an alumni vote of 82% to 18% in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://alumni.dartmouth.edu/content/dartmouth-alumni-association-election-results-new-executive-committee-elected-constitutional |title=Dartmouth Alumni Association Election Results: New Executive Committee Elected; Constitutional Amendment Passes |date=May 9, 2009 |publisher=Dartmouth Office of Alumni Relations}}</ref> Dartmouth students started to use approval voting to elect their student body president in 2011. In the first election, the winner secured the support of 41% of voters against several write-in candidates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thelittlegreenblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/hix-12-dartmouth-student-body-both.html |last=Bruschi |first=Nathan |title=Hix '12, Dartmouth Student Body, both shafted in student election |date=April 16, 2011 |work=The Little Green Blog}}</ref> In 2012, Suril Kantaria won with the support of 32% of the voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2012/04/kantaria-danford-win-student-assembly-elections |title=Kantaria, Danford win Student Assembly elections |last=Shkuratov |first=Marina |date=April 16, 2012 |work=The Dartmouth}}</ref> In 2013, 2014 and 2016, the winners also earned the support of under 40% of the voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2013/04/ferrari-zhu-elected-to-lead-student-assembly |title=Ferrari, Zhu elected to lead Student Assembly |date=April 15, 2013 |last=Riordan |first=Michael |work=The Dartmouth}}</ref><ref name="Dennis, Cunningham to lead Assembly">{{cite news |url=https://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2014/04/dennis-cunningham-to-lead-assembly |title=Dennis, Cunningham to lead Assembly |last=McGahan |first=Sara |date=April 15, 2014 |work=The Dartmouth}}</ref><ref name="thedartmouth.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2016/04/harrington-wins-student-assembly-president-election |title=Harrington will be Student Assembly president |last=Jiang |first=Heyi |date=April 17, 2016 |work=The Dartmouth}}</ref> Results reported in ''The Dartmouth'' show that in the 2014 and 2016 elections, more than 80 percent of voters approved of only one candidate.<ref name="Dennis, Cunningham to lead Assembly"/><ref name="thedartmouth.com"/> Students replaced approval voting with plurality voting before the 2017 elections.<ref>[https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b397fa0e2ccd1b58ab7a317/t/5b3bf00f0e2e72d1275f0e3d/1530654736431/DartmouthSAConstitution.pdf], Dartmouth student constitution</ref>