Editing Arabization (section)

===Egypt===
{{See also|Muslim conquest of Egypt}}

Prior to the Islamic conquests, Arabs had been inhabiting the [[Sinai Peninsula]], the [[Eastern Desert|Eastern desert]] and [[Sharqia Governorate|eastern Delta]] for centuries.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xj820qg |title=The History of the Peoples of the Eastern Desert |date=2012-10-01 |isbn=978-1-931745-96-3 |language=en|last1=Barnard |first1=H. |last2=Duistermaat |first2=Kim |publisher=Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press }}</ref> These regions of Egypt collectively were known as "Arabia" to the contemporary historians and writers documenting them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Macdonald |first=Michael C. A. |title=Arabians, Arabias, and the Greeks_Contact and Perceptions |url=https://www.academia.edu/4593009 |website=Academia}}</ref> Several pre-Islamic Arab kingdoms, such as the [[Qedarites|Qedarite Kingdom]], extended into these regions. Inscriptions and other archeological remains, such as bowls bearing inscriptions identifying [[Qedarites|Qedarite]] kings and [[Nabataeans|Nabatean]] Arabic inscriptions, affirm the Arab presence in the region.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://brill.com/view/title/35887 |title=To the Madbar and Back Again: Studies in the languages, archaeology, and cultures of Arabia dedicated to Michael C.A. Macdonald |date=2017-11-20 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-35761-7 |editor-last=Nehmé |editor-first=Laïla |language=en |editor-last2=Al-Jallad |editor-first2=Ahmad |editor-last3=Nehmé |editor-first3=Laïla |editor-last4=Al-Jallad |editor-first4=Ahmad |editor-last5=Nehmé |editor-first5=Laïla |editor-last6=Al-Jallad |editor-first6=Ahmad}}</ref>  Egypt was conquered from the [[Byzantine Empire|Romans]] by the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] in the 7th century CE. The [[Coptic language]], which was written using the [[Coptic script|Coptic variation]] of the [[Greek alphabet]], was spoken in most of Egypt prior to the Islamic conquest. Arabic, however, was already being spoken in the eastern fringes of Egypt for centuries prior to the arrival of Islam.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vollandt |first1=Ronny |last2=Al-Jallad |first2=Ahmad |date=2020-01-01 |title=Al-Jallad. 2020. The Damascus Psalm Fragment: Middle Arabic and the Legacy of Old Ḥigāzī, w. a contribution by R. Vollandt |url=https://www.academia.edu/43189829 |journal=Oriental Institute}}</ref> By the [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mameluke]] era, the Arabization of the [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] populace alongside a shift in the majority religion going from Christianity to Islam, had taken place.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berkes |first=Lajos |date=2018 |title=On Arabisation and Islamisation in Early Islamic Egypt. I. Prosopographic Notes on Muslim Officials |url=https://www.academia.edu/39225280 |journal=Chronique d'Égypte |volume=93 |issue=186 |pages=415–420 |doi=10.1484/J.CDE.5.117663 |issn=0009-6067}}</ref>