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=== Structural === Structurally, [[relieving arch]]es (often blind or containing) can be used to take off load from some portions of the building (for example, to allow use of thinner exterior walls with larger window openings, or, as in the [[Roman Pantheon]], to redirect the weight of the upper structures to particular strong points).{{sfn | Woodman | Bloom | 2003 | loc=Containing}} [[Transverse arch]]es, introduced in [[Carolingian architecture]], are placed across the [[nave]] to compartmentalize (together with longitudinal separating arches) the internal space into [[Bay (architecture)|bays]] and support [[Vault (architecture)|vaults]].{{sfn | Woodman | Bloom | 2003 | loc=Transverse}} A [[diaphragm arch]] similarly goes in the transverse direction, but carries a section of wall on top. It is used to support or divide sections of the high roof.{{sfn | Woodman | Bloom | 2003 | loc=Diaphragm}} [[Strainer arch]]es were built as an afterthought to prevent two adjacent supports from imploding due to miscalculation. Frequently they were made very decorative, with one of the best examples provided by the [[Wells Cathedral]]. Strainer arches can be "[[inverted arch|inverted]]" (upside-down) while remaining structural.{{sfn | Woodman | Bloom | 2003 | loc=Inverted}}{{sfn | Woodman | Bloom | 2003 | loc=Strainer}} When used across railway cuttings to prevent collapse of the walls, strainer arches may be referred to as [[flying arch]]es.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rare Victorian Railway Arches Saved |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/whats-new/news/rare-victorian-railway-arches-saved/ |website=historicengland.org.uk |publisher=Historic England |access-date=21 April 2024 |language=en |date=18 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1072648 |desc=Series of 16 strainer arches in railway cutting at SD 581 192|access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref> A [[counter-arch]] is built adjacent to another arch to oppose its horizontal action or help to stabilize it, for example, when constructing a [[flying buttress]].{{sfn|Curl|2006|loc=counter-arch |p=207}} <gallery> File:Back of the Pantheon, Walking Tour, Rome (45506980035).jpg|Relieving blind arches made of bricks at the Roman Pantheon File:Kaiserdom Speyer Germany - panoramio (1).jpg|Transverse arches in [[Speyer Cathedral]] File:Firenze kosciol San Miniato 4.jpg|Diaphragm arch in [[San Miniato al Monte]] File:Wells Cathedral (St. Andrew) (17087358042).jpg|"Scissors" strainer arch arrangement in [[Wells Cathedral]] includes an inverted arch </gallery> {{Clear}}
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