Editing Archetype (section)

==Jungian archetypes==
{{Main|Jungian archetypes}}
{{Broader|Signified and signifier|Schema (Kant)}}

The concept of psychological archetypes was advanced by the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] psychiatrist [[Carl Jung]], c. 1919. Jung has acknowledged that his conceptualization of archetype is influenced by Plato's ''eidos'', which he described as "the formulated meaning of a primordial image by which it was represented symbolically."<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Archetype, Attachment, Analysis: Jungian Psychology and the Emergent Mind|last=Knox|first=Jean|publisher=Brunner-Routledge|year=2003|isbn=978-1583911280|location=New York|pages=35}}</ref> According to Jung, the term ''archetype'' is an explanatory paraphrase of the [[Eidos (philosophy)|Platonic ''eidos'']], also believed to represent the word ''form''.<ref name=":4" /> He maintained that [[Platonic realism#Forms|Platonic archetypes]] are metaphysical ideas, paradigms, or models, and that real things are held to be only copies of these model ideas.<ref name=":4" /> However, archetypes are not easily recognizable in Plato's works in the way in which Jung meant them.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Philosophical Issues in the Psychology of C. G. Jung: Portraits, Policies, Programs, and Practices|last=Nagy|first=Marilyn|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0791404515|location=Albany, NY|pages=157}}</ref>

In Jung's psychological framework, archetypes are innate, [[Libido|libidinally]] collective [[Schema (psychology)|schemas]], universal prototypes for idea-[[John Locke|sensory impression images]] and may be used to interpret observations.<ref>{{cite book
 |last1=Hogenson
 |first1=George B.
 |editor-last1=Cambray
 |editor-first1=Joseph
 |editor-last2=Carter
 |editor-first2=Linda
 |date=2004
 |title=Analytical Psychology: Contemporary Perspectives in Jungian Analysis
 |chapter=Archetypes: emergence and the psyche's deep structure
 |series=Advancing Theory in Therapy
 |publisher=Routledge
 |page=33
 |isbn=978-1-58391-999-6
 |quote='The archetypes are sources of energy [...] collective ideas [...] records of reactions to subjective sense-images' (Jung[).]}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> A group of memories and interpretations associated with an archetype is a [[Complex (psychology)|complex]] (e.g. a mother complex associated with the mother archetype). Jung treated the archetypes as psychological organs, analogous to physical ones in that both are morphological constructs that arose through [[evolution]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/jung.html| title = Carl Jung| first = C. George| last = Boeree| access-date = 2006-03-09| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060206030011/http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/jung.html| archive-date= 6 February 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> At the same time, it has also been observed that evolution can itself be considered an archetypal construct.<ref>Brown, R. S. 2013. "[http://atpweb.org/jtparchive/trps-45-13-02-159.pdf Beyond the Evolutionary Paradigm in Consciousness Studies]." ''[[Journal of Transpersonal Psychology]]'' 45(2):159–71.</ref>
Jung states in part one of ''[[Man and His Symbols|Man And His Symbols]]'' that:{{blockquote|My views about the 'archaic remnants', which I call 'archetypes' or 'primordial images,' have been constantly criticized by people who lack sufficient knowledge of the psychology of dreams and of mythology. The term 'archetype' is often misunderstood as meaning certain definite mythological images or motifs, but these are nothing more than conscious representations. Such variable representations cannot be inherited. The archetype ''is a tendency to form such representations'' of a motif—representations that can vary a great deal in detail without losing their basic pattern.}}While there are a variety of categorizations of archetypes, Jung's configuration is perhaps the most well known and serves as the foundation for many other models. The four major archetypes to emerge from his work, which Jung originally terms ''primordial images,'' include the anima/animus, the self, the shadow, and the persona. Additionally, Jung referred to images of the wise old man, the child, the mother, and the maiden.<ref>{{Citation|chapter=Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9781400850969|doi=10.1515/9781400850969.3|title=Collected Works of C.G. Jung, Volume 9 (Part 1): Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious|year=2014|pages=3–41|editor1-last=Hull|editor1-first=R. F.C}}</ref> He believed that each human mind retains these basic unconscious understandings of the human condition and the collective knowledge of our species in the construct of the [[collective unconscious]].

=== Neo-Jungian concepts ===
Other authors, such as [[Carol S. Pearson|Carol Pearson]] and Margaret Mark, have attributed 12 different archetypes to Jung, organized in three overarching categories, based on a fundamental driving force. These include:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mainform.net/12-jungian-archetypes/|title=Archetypes – 12 Jungian types of human|website=mainform.net|access-date=2019-05-10}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|style=width:900px|
{{Bulleted list|'''Ego types''':
{{Ordered list|1=Innocent|2=Orphan/regular guy or gal|3=Hero|4=Caregiver}}|'''Soul types''':
{{Ordered list|1=Explorer|2=Rebel|3=Lover|4=Creator}}|'''Self types''':
{{Ordered list|1=Jester|2=Sage|3=Magician|4=Ruler}}
}}
}}
Other authors, such as Margaret Hartwell and Joshua Chen, go further to give these 12 archetypes families 5 archetypes each.
They are as follows:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mumfrey|first= W. H.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1088338691|title=Archetypes in Branding : a Toolkit for Creatives and Strategists.|date=2009|publisher=Adams Media Corporation|isbn=978-1-4403-0788-1|oclc=1088338691}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|style=width:900px|
{{Bulleted list|'''Innocent Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Innocent|2=Child|3=Dreamer|4=Idealist|5=Muse}}|'''Citizen Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Citizen|2=Advocate|3=Everyman|4=Networker|5=Servant}}|'''Hero Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Hero|2=Athlete|3=Liberator|4=Rescuer|5=Warrior}}|'''Caregiver family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Caregiver|2=Angel|3=Guardian|4=Healer|5=Samaritan}}|'''Explorer Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Explorer|2=Adventurer|3=Pioneer|4=Generalist|5=Seeker}}|'''Rebel Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Rebel|2=Activist|3=Gambler|4=Maverick|5=Reformer}}|'''Lover Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Lover|2=Companion|3=Hedonist|4=Matchmaker|5=Romantic}}|'''Creator Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Creator|2=Artist|3=Entrepreneur|4=Storyteller|5=Visionary}}|'''Jester Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Jester|2=Clown|3=Entertainer|4=Provocateur|5=Shapeshifter}}|'''Sage Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Sage|2=Detective|3=Mentor|4=Shaman|5=Translator}}|'''Magician Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Magician|2=Alchemist|3=Engineer|4=Innovator|5=Scientist}}|'''Sovereign Family''':
{{Ordered list|1=Sovereign|2=Ambassador|3=Judge|4=Patriarch|5=Ruler}}|
}}
}}